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Art 2313 Exam 1 Ch.1-4,7

Terms in this set (180)

In visual arts and architecture,___________ reverts to the arrangement of line, form, mass, and color

____________ refers to the representation of distance and three-dimensionality on a two-dimensional surface

____________ is a system of writing music so the composer can communicate clearly to the performer the pitches, rhythms, and other elements of the piece

Musical notation

In theatre, film, and narrative literature, _______ is the structure of the artwork comprising crises, climax, exposition, complication and denouement, foreshadowing, discovery, and reversals.

A __________ is a form, image, or subject standing for something else

_________ is a descriptive analysis of a work of art that may or may not include a value judgment about the work

_______________ consists of painting, drawings, prints, and photographs

Two dimensional art

________ are the physical material of the work, such as oil paint

The elements and principles of ______ are the building block of two-dimensional art

______ refers to the basic colors of the spectrum, such as red

__________ refers to the relative grayness or whiteness of a color

_________ refers to the number of hues and values used by an artist in a work

The receding line of linear perspective that converge on a vanishing point are called___________ lines

__________ refers to the illusion that shapes and forms diminish in size as they recede into deep space

_____________ refers to the condition of identical shapes and colors appearing on either side of an artwork's axis

____________ refers to balance achieved by using unequal shapes

In sculpture, _________ refers to the size, shape, and volume of forms

____________ sculpture is freestanding and fully three-dimensional

__________ sculpture projects from a background and cannot be seen from all sides

_________ sculpture emphasizes construction with thin, tubular items such as wire

__________ refers to the surface treatment of a sculpture

__________ refers to relief sculpture in which the figures protrude from the background by at least half their depth

____________ refers to relief sculpture that projects only slightly from its background

_____________ is a method of casting sculpture using a wax model melted to leave the desired spaces in the mold

One of the oldest architectural structures is the _________________, in which a horizontal piece is laid across two vertical supports

post and lintel

_________ refers to arches joined end-to-end

_________________ uses a framework to support the building

Skeleton frame structure

Skeleton framing using wood (as in house construction) is called _________

______________ refers to wall material that is solid and continuous, rather that joined or pieced together

When metal forms that frame of a building (as in a skyscraper), it is called _____________________ construction

_______________ refers to the first stage of human culture, marked by simple social organization, the discovery of fire, and basic techniques for hunting and gathering

____________ is a word meaning "all the gods"

____________ is the sumerian writing system, consisting of wedge marks pressed into damp clay

_________ refers to an Egyptian burial tomb of great size and scale

The first stage of human culture dates to before _____________ years B.C.E

_______________ refers to the second stage in human culture

Neolithic period

Domestication of animal began during the ____________ period

________________ refers to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers

Fertile crescent

____________ was the first civilization to emerge in the fertile crescent

The capital of the ruler Hammurabi was __________

Two of the main cities of the Babylonian empire were Nimrud and __________

The __________ appeared as a transportation device in Sumer around 3,000 B.C.E

The __________ were first to use a potter's wheel

The _________ king was direct link between the royal family line and the creator sun god

Egyptian pharoah

The most important part of Egyptian architecture is __________ buildings

Egyptians believed that life continued for the dead as long as the corpse, or some __________ of it, survived

Among other things, writing served as a told of ___________

The ______ of Hammurabi was based on the notion of "an eye for an eye"

Hammurabi's authority and law was believed to come from the _________

The cave painting of Lascaux date from around _______________ B.C.E

__________ art refers to the art made for the rituals of death

_________ was the major art form of the Egyptians

Egyptian sculpture typically represents ___________

The Egyptians royal headdress seen in the funerary mask of Tutankhmun in called a(n)___________

The basic instruments in Mesopotamia and in Egypt was the ________

The oldest known story in the world is the epic of ________________

The Egyptian _________________ contains magic formulas placed in tombs to serve and protect the dead in the afterlife

Book of the Dead

Most of our knowledge of Egyptian painting comes from the tombs of ____________

__________ sprang up around sumer to house the sacrifices thought necessary to ensure good harvest

Around _________ years ago, humankind began to develop notion of selfhood and individuality

________ refers to the Greek city-state

__________ means the "high city," and referred to the elevated place in the center of the city occupied by the temples of the gods.

__________ is a style of vase painting that made use of bold, simple, linear designs

In three-dimensional art, the _______ style consisted of figures that exhibit a stiff, frontal pose

________ refers to a freestanding sculpture of a nude male youth

_____ refers to a sculpture of a fully clothed female

______________ refers to the arrangement of body parts in sculpture so that the weight bearing leg is apart form the free leg, thereby shifting the hip/shoulder axis

The _________ orders refers to a style of architecture employing columns capped by heavy lintels and a pedimented roof

The Minoan civilization was centered on the city of _______

Minoan _________ has yet to be fully deciphered

Minoan _________ had running water and elaborate drainage systems

The "Palace of ______," had so many rooms that Greek myth called it the "labyrinth of the Minotaur"

Minoan civilization was centered on __________

The ______________ supplanted the Minoans and rulers of Crete

The Mycenean military was the basis of Homer's __________

The stones used to construct Mycenaen fortresses were so large that the later Greeks called them ___________

An example of Mycenaean architecture is the _______ Gate at the Palace of Mycenae.

The four centuries between Mycenaean and Greek civilization are called the Greek ______________

The Hellene calendar began on the date of the first ________________

The Greek Archaic period laster form ___________ B.C.E

The world ____________ means "love of wisdom"

__________ was an important school of pre-Socratic philosophy

Horizontal bands used in organizing a design are called____________

Athenian pottery can be divided into two types: black-figure and _______________

The ______ column on Greek temples probably originated in Egypt two thousand years earlier

A band of relief elements below the conic of a Greek temple is called the ____________

The Greek equivalent to our musical scale is called a __________

The Greek doctrine of ________ asserted that music could affect character

For the Greeks, dance, music, and ________ were inseparably entwined

Sappho is called a ________ because she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre

____________ is a type of government run by the few, especially by a small faction of persons or families

____________ is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty and art and their relation to human beings

_____________ is a style of art relying on the fundamentals of simplicity, clarity of structure, and appeal to intellect

The _________ order is characterized by columns with scroll-like capitals and circular bases

The ____________ order is characterized by columns employing an elaborate leaf motif in the capital

_______________ style is an approach to art characterized by individuality, virtuosity, and emotion

The Persian War effectively ended after the Greek victory at ___________

The Greek ship used the battle of Salamis is called a_________

The best soldiers in Greece came from ___________

__________ achieved dominance in intellectual and aesthetic Greek life

___________ carried Athenian culture further than ever before

The age after Alexander's death is called ____________

___________ refers to the fusion of diverse religious beliefs and practices

_____________ was the city from which Hellenistic culture flowed

________ was the first to view history as a specialized discipline

Herodotus believed the loss of the Persians was a result of their _______

Plato's Theory of _______ held that material reality was only a copy of a perfect, universal reality that can only be grasped by reason

Plato believed that art derived primarily from the skill of knowing and making, or ______

_________ called artistry a form of "divine madness"

For _________, proper art depends upon the "moral ends of the polis"

Artistotle believed that the art could produce a "purging" of emotion, an effect he called ___________

An artwork's color scheme is refereed to as its________

Among the four characteristics of Greek ________ painting is the portrayal of figures in simple line drawings

The stern look on the faces of Greek __________ sculpture expresses rational self-control

___________ developed a set of rule for constructing the ideal human figure, which laid out his treatise "the canon"

Much surviving Greek art is actually a ________ copy

Hellenistic sculptors turned away from _____________

The Classical Greek Temple uses a ______________ structure

Post and Lintel

The ___________ is the greets Greek temple and the prototype of all classical buildings since

________ architecture sought to produce an overpowering emotional experience

________ refers to the "Senatus Poplulusque Romanus," or the Senate and the Roman poepl

The ___________ was 200-year span of stability during the Roman Empire, beginning with Emperor Augustus

______________ are columns, often decorative, that are part of, and project from, a wall surface

Engaged Columns

The _____ is the principle enclosed room of a Roman temple

A ________ is a stone coffin, an important type of Roman sculpture

_______ refers to stone or brickwork, a structural architectural feature at which the Romans excelled

The Roman Senate was comprised of patres (that is, the heads of old families), and wealthy members of the citizenry, or ______

The Roman Senate's combination of old and new power is called a self-renewing __________

The two most important officer who ruled the Roman Republic's state were called ________

The Roman Republic lasted until the __________

1st Century BCE

Roman expansion was built on _________

The Roman Republic collapsed during a period of ____________

One of Julius Caesar's most lasting contributions is the invention of the _________________

Julian Calendar

_________ sought the reestablishment of the Roman Republic after the assassination of Julius Caesar

Octavian was give the title of _________, meaning the Fortunate or Blessed

_________ created the first full-time police force and firefighters as part of his emphasis on order and peace

_______ is known as the "Stoic emperor"

Marucs Aurelius

Probably the most influential concept developed by the Romans was_____________________

Stoicism's main tenants were the acceptance of duty and ______, and the kinship of all people

________ brought Stoicism to Rome

________ was the first philosopher to treat art in a comprehensive manner

Roman religion stressed community _____, not individual religious experience

The most formidable religious cult in the Roman Empire was the Persian mystery-cult of ______

Roman architecture self-consciously borrowed from the ________

The "Roman attitude" is best described as ___________

_________ referes to painting on wet plaster

The Romans honored successful political and military figures with publicly displayed ______________

Portrait Sculptures

The most significant "Roman Style" development in architecture is the use of _____ as a structural element

The Colosseum was a new type of building called a(n) _________

The Roman belief in "honor above life," or _________, helps explain their taste form blood sport

_________ refers to the time in Western European history occurred between Antiquity and the Renaissance

__________ is a political and economic system in Europe from the ninth to the fifteenth century, based on the relation of lord to vassal

__________ usually refers to a way of life in which an ideal of perfection or higher level or religious experience is pursued through living together in a community

_________ is a style that flourished throughout Western Europe from about 1050 to about 1200

_______________ is the name commonly used to refer to monodic vocal liturgical music of the Christian Catholic churches

Gregorian Chant

The ______, as a symbol of the powers of darkness and evil, was a strong force in medieval thinking

Pope _________ converted England to Christianity in 597

______________ refers to the period after the success of Charles Martel at the battle of poitiers

Carolingian Period

The ___________ period saw the first centralized political organization since the fall of Rome

The monastery and the _______ were unusually orderly and stable during the Middle Ages

The daily schedule of the monastery is called the __________

Christian ______________ was championed by St. Bernard

_________ is a lifestyle of austerity and self-discipline, generally religious in nature

___________ is an ascetic movement within Islam that developed during the Middle Ages

The sects of Sufis who achieve ecstatic states through whirling dances include dervishes and _________

The feudal lord is also referred as a _________

The "oath of fealty" involved a __________ pledging allegiance to a lord

Parchment pages bound together between hard covers are called a _________

Germanic Ottonian manuscript illumination combines Roman, Carolingian, and ____________ characteristics

Christian sculpture emerged as typically _______, not monumental

The bronze doors of the Hildesheim Cathedral were made using a __________ process

Monumental sculpture which had died out the 15th century, did not emerge until the ______ century

________ is the recessed ornamental space between an arch and a lintel

The ________ chapel was build as Charlemagne's tomb-house

Romanesque churches differed from Byzantine churches by being built according to the shape of a ______________

Romanesque churches were heavier and _______ than earlier churches

The ______ is a liturgical dramatic form that began as an elaboration of Mass

________ refers to medieval music consisting of Gregorian chant with an additional melodic line

________ were secular lyric poet-musician, located chiefly in southern France, northern Italy, and northern Spain

Dance in the Middle Ages was banned but the church, yet remained in practice in various _______ forms

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