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Chapter 2 APBio

Terms in this set (15)

Trace elements
required by an organism in only minute quantities
Examples of applications of radioactive isotopes
Dating fossils, tracing atoms through metabolic processes, and diagnosing medical disorders
Chemical behavior of an atom is determined by
the distribution of electrons in electron shells (valence electrons)
Atoms with incomplete valence shells can ____ or ____ valence electrons with certain other atoms
share or transfer
Covalent bond
Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Ionic bonds
when atoms strip electrons from their bonding partners; the transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine
Most of the strongest bonds in organisms are
covalent bonds
Other weaker bonds in organisms are
ionic
A hydrogen bond forms when
a hydrogen atom that is already bonded to another electronegative atom is attracted to another one
Van der Waals interactions result when...
electrons are not distributed symmetrically, which cause hot spots of positive and negative charges
molecules with similar shapes have ________ biological effects
similar
Chemical equilibrium
when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal
A molecule's _________ is important to its function.
shape
A molecule's shape is determined by...
the positions of its atoms' valence orbitals
Biological molecules recognize and interact with each other with a specificity based on...
molecular shape
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