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Zinn chapter 9

Terms in this set (52)

How many slaves in 1860
4 million
When did slave importation become illegal?
1808
How many slaves were imported illegally before the civil war?
250,000
New Orleans Slave Revolt
1811: 200-500 armed slaves march towards New Orleans and whites flee. State militia meets them and conspirators are executed. This revolt was inspired by a successful Haitian Revolt
Conspiracy of Denmark Vesey
planned to burn Charleston to initiate a general revolt of slaves , thousands of blacks were implicated but the plan was betrayed and 35 blacks were hung
Virginia militia
armed and garrisoned state, nation faced no exterior threat but still felt the need to maintain a security force of 10% of inhabitants
Running away
more realistic than armed insurrection , 1000 slaves ran away each year
Harriet Tubman
born into slavery, escaped alone, most famous conductor of the undergroung railroad, made 19 trips back to south, rescued over 300 slaves, "Be free or die"
Brunswick Canal
Georgia, segregated black slaves and Irish workers to not incite violence
paying poor whites
device for slave control, poor whites were against slavery because the people who owned slaves were richer than they were, so the plantation owners would hire the whites
how was religion used for control of slaves?
"Cotton Plantation and Account Book", masters gave the slaves an hour to worship on Sundays, convert them to Christianity
Slave families
torn apart through slave trade, nuclear families , stable, loyal marriages,
mockery
slave dances that imitated military style, spirituals with double meanings
David Walker
son of a slave, born free,"Walker's Appeal" infuriated southerners and bounty was put on his head, found dead near his shop in boston
David Walker
"Our suffering will come to an end, in spite of all the Americans this side of eternity"
Fredrick Douglass
slave who escaped to the north, "The North Star", "Narrative Life of Fredrick Douglass", lecturer and newspaper editor
Fredrick Douglass
"Why are some people slaves, and others masters?"
"what man can make man can unmake"
"If there is no struggle there is no progress"
Fugitive Slave Act
Part of the Compromise of 1850, allowed slaveowners to come into norther territory and capture blacks, forced whites to help with capture, infuriated the north-denounced President Fillmore and Webster
Syracuse Riot
runaway slave (Jerry) was captured and put on trial , crowd used crowbars and a battering ram to set him free
JW Loguen
denounced Fugitive slave act, made his home in Syracuse a major station for the underground railroad, helped 1,500 slaves into Canada, old mistress tried to blackmail him for money or his enslavement, published his reply in the Liberator
Fredrick Douglass' independence day address
1852, "What to the American slave is your fourth of July? ....a day that reveals to him the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim"
Creole Slave insurrection
slaves being transported on a ship, The Creole, overpowered the crew and sailed to the British West Indies, England refused to return the slaves
Colored People's Press
because of the Creole Slave Insurrection denounced Daniel Webster, tied conflict over slavery with england to the revolution and the War of 1812, "SHall we a third time kiss the foot that crushes us?"
John Brown's Last statement
"I, amd quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood."
Gag Rule
"Andrew Jackson's Administration, collaborated with the South to keep abolitionist literature out of the mails in the southern states"
Zinn says the National government would end slavery...
"only under conditions controlled by whites, and only when required by the political and economic needs of the business elites of the north"
Abraham Lincoln
strictly interpreted the constitution, cited 10th amendment for slavery, refused to publicly denounce the Fugitive slave act , couldn't pick a side on slavery("delicate barometer"), elected in 1860
Confiscation act
July, 1862,enabled freeing of slaves of those fighting in the Union, not enforced by union generals, ignored by Lincoln
Horace greely
criticized Lincoln for not enforcing any laws regarding the freeing of slaves and for not picking a side regarding slaves
Horace greely
"I entreat you to render a hearty and unequivocal obedience to the law of the land"
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
September 1862, military move, gave south four months to stop rebelling by threatening to emancipate their slaves, promised to allow slavery in the states that came over to the north
Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863, declared slaves free in the areas still fighting against the Union, said nothing about slaves behind union lines, spurred antislavery forces, led to adoption of the 13th amendment
The London Spectator
"the principle is not that a human cannot justly own another, but that he cannot own him unless he is loyal to the United States"
How many died in the Civil War?
620,000 dead on both sides, one of the bloodiest wars in human history
George Rawick
"general strike whereby hundreds of thousands of slaves deserted the plantations, destroying the south's ability to supply it's army
Sojurner Truth
ex-slave, active in the women's rights movement, became recruiter of black troops for the Union Army
most slaves....
neither submitted nor rebelled
Black Soldiers
used for the dirty work of the war, digging trenches, hauling logs, loading ammunition, paid three dollars less than white soldiers
WIlliam Walker
black sergeant of a South Carolina regiment marched his company to the captain's tent and demanded equal pay or resignation, (breach of contract), he was court marshaled and shot for mutiny, led to a law a couple months after execution that granted equal pay to black soldiers
Special Field Order 15
General William T. Sherman in January 1865 to set aside abandoned land along the southern Atlantic coast for forty-acre grants to freedmen; rescinded by President Andrew Johnson, freedmen forced off land
Thomas Hall
"Lincoln got the praise for freeing us , but did he do it? He gave us freedom without giving us a chance to live."
14th amendment
Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws
15th amendment
Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
Civil Rights Act
1875, outlawed exclusion of blacks from hotels, movie theaters, railroads and other public accomodations
black codes
enacted by southern states, made free slaves like serfs still working on plantations
Ulysses S. Grant
an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States, 1st election where blacks could vote
Blacks were portrayed in media as
inept, corrupt, lazy and ruinous to the government
Henry MacNeal Turner
"we are told that if black men want to speak they must speak through white trumpets"
"Do we ask retaliations? We ask it not. We are willing to let the dead past bury it's dead, but we ask you now for our RIGHTS"
Plessy vs Ferguson
a case that was brought to supreme court by black lawsuits to challenge the legality of segregation. The court ruled that segregation was legal as long as it was "equal"
Southern Homestead Act
reserved all federal lands for farmers to work:REPEALED
W.E.B. DuBois
1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination
"a new capitalism and a new enslavement of labor"
Zinn's overall question
"Are whites as well as blacks in some sense becoming slaves?"
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