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Chemistry Test: Chapter 6,7,8,9

Terms in this set (25)

Who created the periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What are the trends of a Periodic Table?
Electronegativity.
Ionization Energy.
Atomic Radius (Ionic Radius)
Metallic Character.
Electron Affinity.
What is electronegativity?
ability of an atom to attract electrons
What is the trend of electronegativity?
increases left to right, decreases top to bottom
What is ionization energy?
the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
What is the trend of ionization energy?
increases left to right, decreases top to bottom
What is Atomic Radius?
size of an atom
What is the trend of Atomic Radius?
decreases left to right and increases top to bottom
What is metallic character?
level of reactivity of a metal
What is the trend in metallic character?
decreases left to right, increases top to bottom
What is Electron Affinity?
electron affinity is the energy released when an atom accepts an electron
What is the trend of electron affinity?
increases as you go from left to right
What is effective nuclear charge?
The electrostatic attraction between the valence shell electrons and the nucleus. A measure of net positive charge experienced by the outermost electrons
What is the trend of effective nuclear charge?
Increases from left to right
What are the characteristics of metal?
luster, shiny, malleable, can change the shape; good conductor of heat and electricity, high melting point, form cations.
What do metallic oxides form?
Basic Solutions
What are the characteristics of nonmetals
poor conductors of heat and electricity, often dull and brittle, forms anions, high electron affinity
What do nonmetal oxides form?
Acidic Solutions
What are the characteristics of metalloids?
Have both characteristics of metals and nonmetals, poor conductors, brittle,
What are the characteristics Alkali Metals?
2nd most reactive
Never found uncombined in nature
Lowest densities of all metals
Soft enough to be cut with a knife
Low melting points
Reacts Heavily with water
What happens when sodium is burned?
The valence electrons excite and turn into a yellow color
What are the characteristics of alkaline earth metals?
High melting points
Harder and more dense than Alkali metals
Soft
All have two valence electrons and try to loose them in order to have full outer shell of electrons
What are the characteristics of halogen?
very reactive,
They are gases
not conductors
Diatomic
Extremely negative electron affinity
Large ion Energy
What are the characteristics of Noble Gases?
all gases at room temperature
very low melting and boiling points
very unreactive, practically inert
have full valence shell
very hard to move electron or give electrons to
last elements to be discovered because so inert
What is the Lewis Dot Structure?
A model of an atom that shows ONLY the valence electrons.
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