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Psychology chapter 13

Terms in this set (44)

What is the scientific study about how we think about, influence, and relate to one another?
Social psychology
What is the theory that we explain someone's behaviour by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition?
Attribution theory
What is the tendency for observers, when analyzing others' behaviour, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition?
Fundamental attribution error
What are feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular to objects, people, and evens?
Attitude
What occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness?
Peripheral route persuasion
What occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts ?
central route persuasion
What is the tendency for people who have agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request?
Foot-in-the-door tendency
What is a set of expectations about a social position?
Role
What is the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent?
Cognitive dissonance theory
What is the act of adjusting our behaviour or thinking to coincide with a group standard?
Conformity
What is influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval?
Normative social influence
What is influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality?
Informational social influence
What is the improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others?
Social facilitation
What is the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards gaining a common goal than when individually accountable?
Social loafing
What is the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity?
deindividuation
What is the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group?
Group polarization
What is the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives?
Groupthink
What is an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and it's members?
Prejudice
What is a generalized belief about a group of people?
Stereotype
What is unjustifiable negative behaviour toward a group and its members?
Discrimination
What is the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people get what they deserve?
Just-world phenomenon
What is "us"- people with whom we share a common identity?
Ingroup
What is "them"?
Outgroup
What is the tendency to favour our own group?
Ingroup bias
What is the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame?
Scapegoat theory
What is the tendency to recall face's of one own's race more accurately than faces of other races?
Other-race effect
What is any physical or verbal behaviour intended to harm someone?
Aggression
What is the principle that frustration creates anger which can become aggression?
Frustration-anger principle
What is a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations?
Social script
What is the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them?
Mere exposure effect
What is the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined?
Compassionate love
What is a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give?
Equity
What is the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others?
Self-disclosure
What is unselfish regard for the welfare of others?
altruism
What is tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present?
Bystander effect
What is theory that our social behaviour is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs?
Social exchange theory
What is an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them?
Reciprocity norm
What is an expectation that people will help those needing their help?
Social-responsibility norm
What is a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas?
Conflict
What is a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in the mutually destructive behaviour?
Social trap
What is mutual views often held conflicting people, as when each sides itself as ethical and the other as evil?
Mirror-image perception
What is a belief that leads to its own fulfillment?
Self fulfilling prophecy
What are shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation?
Superordinate goals
What is Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction (strategy designed to decrease international tensions?
GRIT
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