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Old Exam III

Terms in this set (35)

What are allochthonous inputs?
Organic Material
What is non-point source pollution?
Nonpoint source pollution is pollution resulting from many diffuse sources
What is Hypoxia?
When there is not much dissolved oxygen in water, also when it reaches <2mg/L
The presence of orange iron and/or black manganese spots in hydric soil is referred to as?
Mottling
The calculation of the maximum amount of pollutants that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards is referred to as?
TMDL Total Mass Daily Load
What process converts Nitrate NO3 to NO2 gas?
Denitrifacation
The clean air act set a cap and trade program for what emissions and reduced those emissions?
SO4 (Sulfate)
Current water quality standards in the US are based on?
Impairment of beneficial use of water
Does illinois allow some timber harvesting in Stream Managment Zones?
yes
What most size dams have been removed in the US?
Small dams
Name one factor the width of SMZ are based on?
Slope
Name a type of bacteria that is commonly measured in water quality?
E. Coli
In the US, what is the #1 water quality pollutant?
Sediment
Name three primary greenhouse gas emissions?
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide
Name one way water is used to make energy and describe one way that energy is used?
Hydroelectric Power. Can be used for electricity.
In zone two of riparian buffers, what managment is encouraged to maintain greater nutrient uptake?
Harvesting of Oak, Maple, and Hickory
What type of vegetation grows adjacent to streams in riparian buffers, and what are benefits of it?
Unmanaged Forests. It lowers water temperature using the shade it provides and provides bank stabilization.
Name an illinois endangerd species that lives in forest ecosystems
Timber rattlesnake
Under the Clean Water act, what is required if a source of pollution is deemed point source pollution?
EPA is required to control discharges of pollutants from "point sources" into "navigable waters."
Why are watershed managers concerned about increase in stream temperatures?
It can negatively impact aquatic habitats
What is 'hungry water' that is typically located downstream of a dam
Hungry water picks up sediments, which erodes stream banks.
Name one of two numeric criteria parameters SMZ harvesting restrictions may be based on?
15ft zone unharvested
List one criticism of the ESA?
Focuses on individual species rather than the protecting ecosystems
In the Midwest, what was the number one cause of wetland loss?
Agriculture
List two benefits and one consequence of dam removal
Pros: Restores natural stream system/Removes fish migration blockage
Cons: Can result in channel agradation/Creates 'hungry' water
List one hydrological benefit of a wetland?
Flood Control
List one biological benefit of CWD?
-Provides habitat for inverts and Fish
-Traps leaf litter
- Provides Carbon and nutrients
Why should excess logging slash be kept out of streams?
Major reductions in dissolved oxygen
Policy wise, what is the purpose or effect of the silviculture rule?
Designates forestry practices as non-point source pollution
What is wetland mitigation banking?
the restoration, creation or enhancement of wetlands for the purpose of compensating for unavoidable impacts to wetlands at another location. Wetland mitigation banking is commonly used to compensate for wetland impacts from development, but it also used for impacts from agriculture.
In the Pacific NW, what is used for stream bank stabilization instead of rip-rap?
Native Vegetation
In terms of Nitrogen cycling, describe one way a harvested stand differs from an intact stand?
Harvested timber releases more nitrogen. The intact stand takes up more nitrogen.
Are hardwoods or conifers better suited for riparian management?
Hardwoods because they have greater nutrient demands than conifers in order to compensate for nutrient losses via leaf senescence.
What region of the US has the highest rates of sulfuric acid deposition? Also, what is the dominant source of this pollution?
The region is the North East. The dominant source is coal plants
What is the sequence of 5 events that occur to cause hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico?
1.Excess nutrient (primarily N) inputs
2. This creates increased production of algae in the surface water (eutrophication)
3. Dead algae from bloom settle on the bottom
4. Decomposing algae eats up oxygen
5. Stratification blocks the replenishment of Oxygen from the surface.
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