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Learning and Intelligence test review

Terms in this set (26)

observational learning
________ learning : learning by observing others
Modeling
Bandura's experiments demonstrated the importance of ______the process of observing and imitating a behavior
experimental group
In the Bobo doll experiment the ----- group hit and kicked the doll.
Bandura
He researched observational learning; Bobo dolls; social-cognitive theory
Generalization
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Little Albert Experiment
1920 - Watson - classical conditioning on a 9 month old baby - white rat was paired with a loud clanking noise resulting in crying and fear of rat
classical conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
positive reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response.
negative reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (Note: not punishment.)
acquisition
In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.
conditioned response (CR)
Salivation when you see your favorite restuarant is an example of this.
unconditioned stimulus
The meat in Pavlov's experiment is the ____.
unconditioned response (UR)
in classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)
Behaviorism
Watson's approach to psychology.
loud noise
This is the US in the Little Albert experiment.
Extinction
the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
Discrimination
in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
biological predispositions
biological constraints predispose organisms to learn associations that are naturally adaptive
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
cognitive map
a mental representation of the layout of one's environment
Gardner
Theory of multiple intelligences
emotional intelligence
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
achievement test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
intelligence
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
spontaneous recovery
the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period
taste aversion learning
a form of learning in which an organism learns to avoid a taste after just one pairing of that taste with illness
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