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Protein Synthesis & Gene Mutations

Terms in this set (50)

model
a representation (drawing or 3D) of an object, law, theory or event used as a tool for understanding the natural world; all have limitations
biochemical process
chemical process that occurs in living organisms such as protein synthesis, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, etc.
synthesis
to make
protein synthesis
to make a polypeptide (protein) through transcription and translation
amino acid
monomer, or building block, of a polypeptide (protein)
polypeptide
chain of amino acids; a protein contains one or more of these
peptide bond
name of bond that holds amino acids together
protein
specifically designed to build or operate a component of a living cell (ex. human insulin & hemoglobin)
trait
a characteristic of an organism that is determined by protein structure & function (ex. hitchhiker's thumb)
gene
section of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
DNA vs. RNA
deoxyribose sugar vs. ribose sugar, thymine vs. uracil , double strand vs. single strand
uracil
nitrogenous base specific to RNA in place of thymine (A-U)
transcription
process where a part of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of messenger RNA
messenger RNA (mRNA)
type of RNA that carries a copy of the genetic code from the DNA to the ribosomes
template strand (in transcription)
the DNA strand that is used as the code to "build" a complementary strand of mRNA
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