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EEMB 40 FINAL

Terms in this set (49)

Lyme Disease
A zoonotic disease vectored by ticks. Small mammals are the main reservoir species.
What is the bacterial causative agent of Lyme Disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
What are the vectors of Lyme Disease?
Ticks
Dead End Host
A host from which infectious agents are not transmitted to other susceptible hosts
Humans are __________ for lyme disease?
dead end host
Can ticks get Lyme Disease from humans?
No
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease 3-30 days?
skin rash
Symptoms of Lyme Disease within days or weeks?
fatigue, chills, muscle contractions, fever etc
Sever symptoms of Lyme Disease
problems with concentration, memory loss, arthritis
Chronic Lyme disease
treated for Lyme disease but can test positive for the disease, still has symptoms
what were the causes of Lyme Disease?
Heavy acorn production, which led to an increase in W.F. Mice and an Increase in Deer, which led to an increase in tick density
What is the main reservoir for Lyme Disease?
Mice
Amplification
adding a species to a community increases the total abundance of host for a pathogen, increasing the disease risk to the target host
Dilution
adding a species to a community decreases the abundance of more competent host, decreasing the disease risk to the target host
Competent (for host)
efficiency with which a host acquires and spreads a pathogen
ecosystem service
the quantifiable services that an ecosystem provides to humans
cyst (bacteria)
a resting domain or dormant in bacteria
Which disease is highly infectious, but not high in virulence?
Measles
What is the mode of action for Measles?
Enter host> infect white blood cells> infect dendrite cells> multiply in B and C cells> infect many organs.
Why is measles so easily controlled?
surface proteins on measles dont evolve
What is the morality rate of measles in USA/Europe?
.1% due to encephalitis pneumonia
What is the morality rate of measles in Africa?
5-10% due to coinfection
Antigen
molecule that can stimulate an immune response
Antibody
proteins that are used by the immune system to neutralize and fight a virus/ bacteria
vaccines are made out of?
dead pathogens, weakened but living pathogens, different but related pathogens, recombinant pathogens
Measles
a viral disease of humans easily transmitted via respiratory route
natural killer cells
a type of cell that look for and kill virus infected cells
dendrite cells
...
acute disease
a disease with either a rapid onset or a short duration
what is the only virus where we know the reservoir?
ebola
what is the reservoir species for ebola?
African Fruit Bat
What is the mode of transmission for Ebola?
spread through blood to blood contact
why is ebola hard to spread?
Because it kills you so fast, it makes it hard to spread to other people
What would make Ebola a real threat?
If it were more easily transmitted or if it had a longer period of transmission
What all types of Ebola are called?
Filoviridae
.
What has the same symptoms of Ebola but is not the same?
Marburg Virus
Reston Ebolavirus
an air strain of Ebola that is transferable
nosocomial infection
infections which are a result of treatment in a hospital or a health care service unit but secondary to the patients original condition
latrogenic
disease of infection caused as a result of a medical procedure
semmelweis reflex
a metaphor for the reflex-like tendency to reject new evidence or new knowledge because it contradicts established norms or beliefs
Fomite
an inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organism and hence transferring
What is the most common hospital acquired infection?
Staphylococcus Aureus
MRSA
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus which has evolved an ability to survive treatment with Beta lactam antibiotics, including penicillin, methicillin, and cephalosporins
VRSA
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus which is a strain of staph. aureus that has become resistant to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin
AIDS
infectious disease caused by HIV
What are the transmission routes of AIDS?
Vertical transmittions, body fluids, and sex
Antibiotic
a chemical substance that kills or supresses the growth of microorganism. Taken to cure disease
antibiotic resistance
the ability of a microroganism to withstand the effects of an anitbiotic
antigen drift
...
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