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MUS 4320 Final Exam

Terms in this set (107)

360 deal
A contract in which a record label, which traditionally acquired only recording rights, gains a share of other artist revenue streams such as touring, publishing, and merchandise
promoter
The person and/or organization responsible for generating fan interest and ensuring successful turnout at tour performances
live nation entertainment
an $8 billion-revenue-plus music/live entertainment conglomerate that books 26,000 events a year at approximately 200 venues that are owned or under exclusive booking contracts (owns Ticketmaster)
promoters
Key responsibilities include orchestrating ticket sales, organizing sale of artist merchandise at the event, assisting in securing sponsorship deals to support a tour, arranging the stage setup, providing some of the event staff, financial accounting, and complying with a myriad of live-event safety regulations
renting a concert hall, advertising performances, arranging ticketing, liability insurance and deposit payments to talent
what are the 5 common expenses of concert promotion
promoter of record
Promoter who first produces an artist's or group's public appearances (promoter that handled an artist's most recent concert in a given area)
national promoters
Companies that work nationally to produce and promote events, often by coordinating with regional or local promotion affiliates or partners
agent
who negotiates venue bookings on behalf of music talent
trade publications
what prints talent and booking directories (pollstar and billboard)
APAP and NACA
what are two examples of conventions that college representatives, talent agents, performing artists, and labels gather for educational and showcasing opportunities
2-9 months
how long is the typical lapse between the first booking inquiry and the artist's first concert at a venue
four-walling
A booking arrangement where the promoter or performer assumes the economic risk for a concert by renting a venue for a flat fee and perhaps by providing some personnel that might otherwise be provided by the venue itself
standing room only
what does SRO stand for
60% house
what does a promoter typically budget for in a standing room only show
split point
Point of cumulative revenue at which the artist and the promoter divide any net income from a concert (a number based on ticket sales and at which point the act and the promoter divide the balance)
total expenses x a percentage (usually 15%)
how do you find the sum that agents traditionally allow the promoters as minimum profit
back end
the balance of the revenue after the split point (a second wave of potential profit for the promoter)
promoters allowed profit from gross ticket sales - expenses
how do you find the back end?
back end
what do the promoters and artists typically split
85%
how much of the back end do the artists typically take
advertising
what is the highest expense item at a moderate-sized venue
rent
what is the second highest expense item at a moderate-sized venue
facilities fee
A per-ticket fee often paid to concert venues on a sliding scale
tour support
Financial resources, such as those provided contractually by a record label, that help underwrite the costs associated with touring a given act
back-timed
what must tasks be so that preparations for a performance can unfold in orderly fashion
marketing
How does the ticket-buying public know that tickets for an upcoming concert are on sale?
paid marketing
delivers controlled messages
unpaid marketing
news stories prepared by independent journalists
online marketing
facilitate direct interaction with consumers and can execute ticket sales directly to the consumer
tv advertising
can be useful if the goal is to reach a broad audience within a geographic area
rate card
Summary of advertising rates for a specific medium (radio stations, TV network, etc.) given to ad agencies, clients, and prospective clients
cable network (channel)
A provider of programming on a specific channel, e.g. HBO, ESPN
cable interconnect
a cluster of adjacent cable systems that typically offers the advantage of placement by selected geographic areas, which in theory leads to less geographic waste in advertising expenditures
media mix
how much they want to spend for online, newspaper, radio, mail, and television ads
40%
the name of the supporting act should be no more than ____ the type size used for the headliner
publicity
nonpaid marketing function that includes issuing press releases, providing news outlets with video and audio clips, and generating favorable news coverage by making artists available for press interviews
classical music and art music
interchangable words that describe the repertoire generally associated with the symphony orchestra, opera, ballet, recital, modern dance, choral music, chamber music, and church music
commercial or profit oriented
what is pop music described as
nonprofit
what is art music described as
501(c)3 organizations
large performing groups such as orchestras, ballet companies, and the like are legally formed as not-for-profit __________
501(c)3 organization
A nongovernmental organization operating under a provision of the US Internal Revenue Code, which categorizes types of nonprofit organizations exempt from some federal income taxes
1960-1980
when did the arts grow in america (number of symphony orchestras doubled, etc.)
metropolitan opera
the longest-running radio show to date
crossover recording
A recording focused on one market segment that achieves sales in one or more additional markets
movie music
what is one of the strongest markets for crossover records
composers recordings inc
label now owned by New World Records, nonprofit group whose mission is recording and distributing the music of contemporary American composers that might not otherwise be available for purchase
london symphony
what has led the way with LSO Live recordings—offering conductors and musicians a stake in the profits as opposed to upfront payments.
upfront payments
Money advanced prior to completion of a job or production
1600
how many symphony orchestras in the US
league of american orchestras
national nonprofit service and educational organization dedicated to strengthening symphony and chamber orchestras founded in 1942
earned income and contributed income
what two kinds of revenue do arts organizations garner
30-65%
how much do performing arts organizations typically earn of their costs of operation by ticket sales
foundation center
a clearinghouse for information about foundations and the grants they award, provides training and resources for locating foundations in specific areas and identifying their particular interests
proper solicitation
what is missing when arts groups complain about their lack of support from big corporations, not lack of interest
the business committee for the arts (BCA)
a division of Americans for the Arts, founded in 1967 by David Rockefeller and other business leaders, is a national not-for-profit organization that encourages businesses to support the arts and provides the resources necessary to develop effective business-arts alliances.
foundation center
where can you take classes on grant writing
europe
where do symphonies and opera companies enjoy governmental subsidies
not for profit and 3 years of programming
how is an organization eligible for a grant from the NEA
7-12 months
how long does it take an application to process for the NEA
national endowment for the arts (NEA and NEH)
what is the governmental group that provides grants for the arts
148 million
how much was the NEA given in 2017 (5 million in 1966)
40%
how much is the NEA required to assign of its programming funds to state and regional art agencies
730 billion (more than 4% of GDP)
how much does the NEA estimate that the arts contribute to the US economy
development officers
Professionals who solicit donations to nonprofit causes
supertitles
The now-common use of English ________ for operas has made that art form more accessible to audiences of all ages.
dramatic music
whats the official term for film scoring
al jolson singing the jazz singer
what was the first music heard by a movie audience that happened in 1927
1930s and 1940s
when was the golden age of movie music (movie writing)
1950
when did jazz enter the movie scores
spotting the film
what the director and composer do in the beginning to identify turning points, changes in mood and where music should not be used
3-4 weeks
whats the common time frame from start to finish for a composition
no
is there a scale for composers
ghost writing
composer hire other composers and arranger to work on the project
composer and publisher
who splits the royalties of a song
harry fox agency
where can you get a mechanical license
royalty
fee paid for the use of property such as copyrighted works
ASCAP and BMI
which PROs are non profit
SESAC
what owns harry fox agency
audio transcript license
what do you need for music library services like background music and in-flight music
SAG-AFTRA
trade union for singers
AFM
trade union for instrumentalists
spotting notes
Notes given to a composer of motion picture music by the music editor to specify where each cue will happen in the movie
deliver complete score to copyist or deliver a sketch to an orchestrator
what are the two ways of delivering music
AFM
_____ provides a minimum scale for musicians
composer and producer
in a package deal, who is providing all the music services for the movie
rack jobber
merchant paying a rental fee or commission to maintain and sell some product categories within another retailer's store
PRO
organization protecting and promoting the rights of songwriters and publishers by collecting and distributing royalties
compulsory license
a right determined by statute rather than negotiation between licensor and licensee
blanket license
permission to exploit a large collection of copyrights for a flat rate
collective management organization (CMO)
organization that manages IP licenses, motitoring their use and collecting and distributing royalties
sound exchange
what is an example of a CMO
click track
Audible guide used by musicians scoring music to aid synchronization with film
digital audio workstation
what is used for film music, composing is done on this, it provides built-in tools that enable setting tempo
composer
who writes the score
another installment of the salary fee is paid
what happens when the score is complete
free timing
old way of conducting a film using a system of streamers and punches as timing guideposts
musical instrument digital interfact
what does MIDI stand for
rerecording
what is the final phase of sound synchronization called (concerned with setting relative sound levels and making final choices regarding the music and sound, including whether some segments need to be recut)
production music library
where are many of the big movie tracks created because of low cost
needle drop
Brief recorded passage (orchestral or a sound effect) drawn from a transcription library that a producer uses for a dramatic program or broadcast commercial
production music libraries
what licenses a whole catalog or individual needle drops, a producer can underscore complete productions with cues from this
step deal
one amount for the initial broadcast and additional payments for new uses as the series catches fire with synch fees
1957
when did the staff musicians get let go by the film studios and producers had to engage all their musicians on a freeland basis
composer
who has the financial risk in a package deal with a producer
music supervisors
The job of curating music in movies, TV programs, and video games goes to ________
MIDI file
a score or cue that does not exist on paper but instead has been created in a computer sequencing program
copyist
engaged by the composer or sometimes by the orchestrator to convert rough music manuscripts into a neat score used in recording sessions
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