Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

urinary system

Terms in this set (96)

antiseptic
substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms
arteriole
the smallest branch of an artery
aseptic technique
any health care procedure in which precautions are taken to precent contamination of a person, object, or area by microorganisms
asymptomatic
without symptoms
azotemia
the presence of excessive amounts of waste products of metabolism in the blood caused by failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the blood azotemia is characteristic of uremia
bowmans capsule
the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus; also called glomerular capsule
calculus
abnormal stone formed in the body tissues by an accumulation of mineral salts; usually formed in the gallbladder and kidney [renal calculus]
catheter
hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a body cavity or vessel for the purpose of instilling or withdrawing fluid
cortex
outer layer of a body organ or structure
cystometer
an instrument that measures bladder capacity in relation to changing pressure
cystoscope
instrument used to view the interior of the bladder. it consists of an outer sheath with a lighting system a scope for viewing and a passage for catheters and devices used in surgical procedures; aka cysto
dialysate
solution that contain water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove execs fluids and wastes from the blood also called a bath
dialysis
process of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so. hemodialysis involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney. peritoneal dialysis involves introducing fluid intone the abdomen through a catheter
dwell time
length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis
glomerular filtrate
substances that filter out the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli
homeostasis
stable internal body environment , it is necessary for the cells of the body to survive and carry out their functions effectively
hilum
the depression, or pit of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter
meatus
an opening or tunnel through any part of the bey as in the urinary meatus, which is the external opening of the urethra [urethra]
medulla
the most internal part of a strutter or organ
mictuition
the act of eliminating ruing from the bladder; also called voiding or urination
nephrolith **
kidney stone also called a renal calculus
nephrolithiasis **
condition of kidney stones; also known as renal caluli
peritoneum
specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the bey and is reflected over the contained viscera; the inner lining of the abdominal cavity
peritonitits
inflammation of the peritoneum
renal artery
one of the pair of large arteries branching from the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to that kidneys adrenal glands and ureters
renal calculus
stone formation in the kidney; plural; renal caluli') aka nephrolith
relan pelvis
the ventral collection part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter. it receives urine through the calyces and drains it into the ureters
renal tubule
long twisted tube that leads away from the glomerulus of the kidney to the collecting tubules. as the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubes the water sugar and salts are reabsorbed into the blood
renal vein
one of two vessels that carries blood away from the kidney
residual urine
urine that remains in the bladder after urination
solute
substance dissolved in a solution as in the waste products filtered out of the kidney into the urine
specific gravity
the weight of a substance compared with an equal volume of water. which is considered to be the standard. water is considered to have a specific gravity of 1.000 [one]
tubular secretion
occurs in the renal tubules when materials are selectively transferred from the blood into the filtrate to be excreted in the urine
tubular reabsorption
as the glomerular filtrate passes through the renal tubules the water sugar and salts are returned into the bloodstream through a network of capillaries
toxic**
poisonous
turbid
cloudy
uremia
presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products n the blood; also called azotemia
ureter
one of a pair of tubes that carries ruing from the kidney to the bladder
urethra
a small tubule structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra.characterized by dysuria is usually the result of an infection of the bladder or kidney
urinary incontinence
inability to control urination; the inability to retain urine in the bladder
urinary retention
abnormal involuntary accumulation of urine in the bladder; the inability to empty the bladder
urine
fluid released by the kidneys transported by the ureters retained in the bladder and eliminated through the urethra normal urine is clear straw colored and slightly acid
vesicocele
herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina also called a cystocele
pyuria
presence of pus in the urine....excessive number of white blood cells in the urine usually a sign of infection of the urinary tract
bacteriuria
is a specimen that has been standing for more then one hour
albuminuria
large amounts of protein in the urine...indicating a leak in the glomerular membrane
anuria
stopping of urine production or a urinary output of less then 100 ml per day
dysuria
painful urination
enuresis
condition of urinary incontinence especially at night in bed; bedwetting
fatigue
state of exhaustion or loss of strength or endurance such as may follow strenuous physical activity
frequency
the number of repetitions of any phenomenon within a fixed period of time such as a number of heartbeats per min
glycosuria
abnormal presence of sutra especially glucose in the urine
hematuria
abnormal presence of blood in the urine
ketonuria
presence of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine
lethargy
state or quality of being indifferent apathetic or sluggish
malaise
gauge feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort often marking the onset of diease or infection
nocturia
urination especially excessive at night
oliguria
secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake scanty urine output
polydipsia
excessive thirst
polyuria
excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine
urgency
a feeling of the need to void urine immediately
cystitis
inflammation of the urinary bladder
glomerulonephritis [acute]
inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
hydronephrosis
distention of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by ruing that cannot flow past an obstruction in a ureter
nephrotic syndrom
group of clinical symptoms occurring when damage to the glomerulus of the kidney is present and large quantities of preteen are lost through the glomerular membrane into the urine, resulting in severe proteinuria also called nephrosis
polycystic kidney disease
hereditary disorder of the kidneys in which grape like fluid filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue
pyelonephritis
bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney
renal calculi
stone formations in the kidney
renal cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in adulthood
renal failure, chronic [uremia]
progressively slow development of kidney failure occurring over a period of years the late stages of chronic renal failure are known as end stage renal disease [esrd]
vesicoureteral reflux
abnormal back flow of urine from the bladder to the ureter
wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney predominantly in childhood
peritoneal dialysis
mechanical filtering process used to cleanse the blood of waste products draw off excess fluids and regulate body chemistry when the kidneys fail to function properly. instead of using the hemodialysis machine as a filter the peritoneal membrane is used as the filter
hemodialysis
process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting the patients blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering and then returning the clean blood to the patients bloodstream
kidney transplantation
surgical implantation of a healthy human donor kidney into the body of a patient with irreversible renal failure. kidney function is restored with a successful transplant and the patients is no longer dependent on dialysis
bloody urea nitrogen
blood test performed to determine the amount of urea and nitrogen present in the blood
catheterization
the introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or to remove a fluid
creatinine clearance test
diagnostic test for kidney function that measure the filtration rate of creatinine a waste product normally removed by the kidney
cystoscopy
process of viewing the interior of the bladder
extracorporeal lithotripsy
aka extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. noninvasive mechanical procedure for using sound waves to break up renal calculi so that they can pass through the ureters
intravenous pyelogram
aka excretory urogram. radiographic procedure provides visualization of the entire urinary tract...kidneys ureters bladder and urethra
KUB [kidneys, ureters, bladder]
X-ray of the lower abdomen that defines the size shape and location of the kidneys ureters and bladder a contrast medium is not used with this xray
renal angiography
X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the renal blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium
renal scan
procedure in which a radioactive isotope [tracer] is injected intravenously, and the radioactivity over each kidney is measured as the tracer passes through the kidney
retrograde pyelogram [rp]
radiographic procedure in which small caliber catheters are passed though the cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis
ultrasonography
also called a ultrasound. sound waves are transmitted into the body structures as a small transducer is passed over the patients skin
urinalysis
physical chemical or microscopic examination of urine
urine culture
procedure used to cultivate the growth of bacteria present in a urine specimen for proper microscopic identification of the specific pathogen
24-hour urine specimen
collection of all the urine excreted by the individual over a 24 hour period. the urine is collected in one large container.... AKA composite urine specimen
voiding cystourethrography
X-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with contrast material
catheterized specimen
using aseptic techniques, a very small straight catheter is inserted into the bladder via the urethra to withdraw a urine specimen. the urine flows through the catheter into a sterile specimen container
clean-catch specimen
collection is used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia
first-voided specimen
the patient is instructed to collect the first coded specimen of the morning and to refrigerate it until it can be taken to the medical office or lab
random specimen
a urine specimen that is collected at any time
residual urine specimen
specimen is obtained by catheterization after the patient empties the bladder by voiding. the amount f urine remaining in the bladder after voiding is noted as the residual amount.
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...