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Iss210 exam 2

Terms in this set (119)

Seasonal variation in skin color is called..
A tan (it represents a seasonal biological adaptation)
You have a recessive gene for blue eyes. We know this because we have examined your...
genotype
An obligate carnivore has to eat meat to survive. A familiar example of an obligate carnivore is..
house cat
A group of individuals of a species that regularly inter-breed in nature is called an/a
population
If you are homozygous for red hair, then
both alleles will code for red hair
A total of all the genes in you body is your...
Genotype
After the Cognitive Revolution, humans created their own ecological niche that is unique among the animals. That is, they...
Adapt to their environment using learned behavior (culture)
In a small scale society, what is the main "social glue" or idea that keeps the society together and functioning? It is the idea of..
Kinship
Statement such as "can't you take a Joke" and "I was just joking" are commonly used by someone to minimize the importance of verbal or written statements. These statements are in the same category as calling someone a/an...
Snowflake
What is the difference between a clan/ lineage (unilineal kin group) and a tribe?
Two of these options are correct
You are a military officer in Afghanistan and you want to speak with a village leader. You know that this village is inhabited by members of a tribe. Who will you likely speak too?
A group of elders (older people, probably men in this case)
What is the difference between a clan/ lineage (unilineal kin group) and a tribe?
Two or these options are correct
Here in the USA, there are Indian tribes. For example the Ojibwa are a good group of people who share a common language and religion, and a common history. The group is generally endogamous (but not always) this group sounds like an example of an/a
Nation
Decision making by consensus means that
Everyone must agree
Most modern countries are organized as states with an elaborate bureaucracy and division labor. In fact, the vast majority of modern states are..
Multi-national
Modern primates that do not have a tail are classified as...
apes
Modern primates that walk on two legs habitually (most of the time) are called...
All of these (humans, Homo sapiens, obligate bipeds)
Evolutionary psychologist who study how aspects of brain and behavior (such as memory, or language in humans) developed and function as adaptations (as products of natural selection)
True
In order for a new species to develop from two groups of animals, there has to be..
genetic isolation of the groups, and also different selective pressure on each group
Which of the following people exhibits the most "Darwinian fitness?"
A person who lived to the age of 20 and had 3 children
A —— is a persevered inorganic remains or traces of an organic material. Overtime an inorganic material such as silica replaces every organic molecule. This process is called mineralization
Fossil
The important point about natural selection is that a creature has to survive....
Long enough to reproduce
Primate Braun's have large areas dedicated to their sense of...
Sight
Imagine that you have found the fossil remains of jimi habilis (early homo) and also homo ergaster (early late homo) in the same geographic area and dating to the same time period (as far as you can tell) what is the likely date Of the deposit of bones?
Probably between 2 May and 1 mya
You are reading an article in which the authors are debating about the relationship between anatomically modern humans and Neanderthals professor a. Argues that Neanderthals should be called Homo Neanderthensis after taking ISS 210 you know that professor a is arguing that
Neanderthals and AMH were two different species
Scholars (paleoanthropologist in paleontologist) use visual models such as the charts shown in Top Hat. These charts represent the authors argument about the relationships between different species of creatures. The charts include information such as...
Three of the four options given are correct
The first change to happen in primate morphology (shape and appearance) that differentiated our ancestors from other primate ancestors was...
Changes in the pelvis and legs that indicate bipedal locomotion
If humans are descended from nonhuman apes, then why are there non-human ape still alive
Humans are descended from an ancestor that we shared with the modern nonhuman apes. We are not descended from any modern apes
You have found some fossils in a museum that are labeled one Homo habilis and also two Paranthropus Boisei. Because you have taken ISS, you know immediately that - - - is an species that is directly ancestral to modern humans
Homo habilis
"Pith" means "ape". So from this information you can infer that the fossil creatures Ardipithecus and Australopithecus are considered to be...
Both primates that did not have a tail
Variations in skin color are thought to be adaptations to...
Different amounts of ultraviolet light
The biological idea of race assumes that physical visible traits are...
Concordant
"Races" among people or not biological groups because...
The variables people used to define race (skin color, eye color, face shape, hair color and type) very independently of one another
Melanin ( a skin color pigment) is produced by a cell in the skin called..
melanocytes
How many genes are involved in the Inheritance of skin color?
Six major genes
If biological inherited and genetic traits were coordinate, Then we would expect that people with dark skin will always have...
Dark hair
In general, I'm on population to have lived in an area for many thousands of years, will expect to see the darker skin colors and current areas...
Near the equator
Of people in the family reunion are able to tell you exactly how they are related to one another, you would say that, in that kin group, membership is - - -
Stipulated
Amy's father and Becky's father were/are brothers that makes Amy and Becky
Parallel cousins
In a matrilineage, men join the lineage of their mothers
True
Joy and Jonathan are second cousins. That means that one of Joy's grandparents is a brother or sister to one of Jonathan's grandparents
True
Your first cousins are your aunt or uncle's children
True
In a patrilineal kinship system, the child joins the mothers kin group
False
EGO is the name given to the "person that we are considering right now" in the kinship chart
True
Why do nonhuman primate and also the human primates groom one another? They are removing dirt and bugs from each other and they are also...
Creating and expressing social relationships
Primatologist study...
Primate biology and behavior
Painting, art, burials, musical instruments, shell beads... these are all evidence of...
symbolic thought
Biological evolution (change over time) is based on the transfer of genes from one generation to the next. Cultural evolution is based on...
Language, communication, and learning
Why do AMH Populations have that Is inherited and that gave them a survival advantage over the archaic modern people?
They experienced a change in organization of the brain to include a great deal symbolic thinking
Dunbar's number is about 150. This number refers to the...
Number of people that most individual humans can maintain close relationships with
In AMH (anatomically modern humans) The position of the voice box (larynx) Makes it easier for us to...
Two of these options are correct.
Create a wide range of sounds, including vowels. Chew our food throughly
Musical instruments, visual arts, human burials, and species placement of natural objects are all associated with...
AMH
Modern primates that do not have a tail are classified as...
apes
The development of new species is an example of the process of ....
Macro evolution
Modern human brain size
1300 cc
During the Lower Paleolithic, Acheulean tools such as hand axes were used by....
Late Homo
Of the environment stays the same over time then we'd expect to see the most organizing there exhibit a "good fit" with the environment. This is a process of adaptation through...
Natural selection
The fatty substance inside bones is
Marrow
Modern humans are..
Homosapiens
Too little ultraviolet light can lead to medical problems such as...
not enough vitamin D in the body, poor function of the heart; slow clotting of the blood (too much bleeding),
bone structure, such as rickets and osteoporosis
If you get too much UV light on your skin, you may develop —— later in life
Skin cancer
Melanin (skin color) is produced by a cell in the skin call
Melanocytes
The "ancestral state" humans is "having body hair" like most mammals have fur. The "ancestral state" of humans as a species is to have...
Light skin
In some areas of the world, AMH (modern) humans lived at the same time as the Archaic Moderns. In some cases, we think that they mated and inter-bred. But overall....
AMH populations expanded at the expense of the Archaic modern people.
Among many social animals, we see a social hierarchy expressed in...
dominance and submission behaviors
Among humans and also the non-human primates, if coalitions get too large, the members tend to...
split up into smaller groups
The cognitive revolution refers to a..
change in brain organization among AMH
Broca's area and wernikes are are...
Parts of the brain that are related to speech
In a kinship chart, a circle represents a woman.
True
In many countries, kinship groups are an important form of personal identity. A —— is a form of political identity based on common claimed (assumed, believed) descent
Tribe
In a patrilineal kinship system, the child joins the mothers kin group
False
Are your siblings considered in YOUR line of descent
No
Clans can be matrilineal or patrilineal.
Yes
A fossil bone display is in the museum cabinet. Is the cabinet climate controlled so that the bone does not to Decay or rot?
No
Imagine that you have found the fossil remains of Homo habilis and also a Homo ergaster (late homo) in the same geographic area and dating to the same time period. What is the likely date of the deposit of bones
Probably 2 mya and 1 mya
Scholars his visual model such as charts in Top Hat. These charts represent the authors argument at the relationships between different species of creatures. The charts include information such as...
Three of the four options given are correct
The Massai or an ethnic group of people have lived in sub-Saharan Africa for many many generations. Individuals are generally very tall and has long limbs. This is an example of...
Allens rule
A group of related species that share the same general ecological niche are called...
A genus
In general, anytime you create a taxonomy based on more than one variable, you may end up with...
Discordant variation
A taxonomy is...
A system of classification: the logic of classification of something
In obligate carnivores has to eat meat to survive. That's the Milyer example of an obligate carnivores is...
A house cat
Your phenotype is
the way you look
And biological systems such as human genetics, the source of change comes to sexual reproduction. There is a re-assortment and re-combination of - - - in every generation
Genes
Chiefly societies and also state societies are similar in the that they should share concept of...
Hierarchical decision making
The basic housing many social movements come from peoples - - - during a time of rapid social change
Confusion
Social integration refers to...
The ideas that make people feel that they are a part of the group
When people think that " if only the right leader came along, we'd be OK", This attitude is similar to that in a - - - movement
Messianic
All modern primates use their ________ to explore the world.
front of hands
An animal that is "fit" in a Darwinian sense is...
Fairly well adapted to their social and natural environment
In order for a new species to develop from two groups of animals, there has to be...
genetic isolation of the groups, and also different selective pressure on each group
Modern primates that walk on two legs habitually are called...
Humans, Homo sapiens, obligate bipeds
A predator kills and eats other animals. After the predator is done eating, the ________ move in to eat.
scavengers
——- are interested in human evolution. They study the behavior of ancient and more recent humans by looking at their artifacts (things people made)
Archaeologists
evolutionary psychologists study how aspects of the brain and behavior (memory, language in humans) developed and function as adaptations (as products of natural selection)
True
Change overtime within a species. An example is the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. This change over time is called....
Micro evolution or adaptation
Kinship terms refer to the titles that are used to describe a relationship: such as aunt, uncle, father, mother, cousin.
True
Family relationships are based on the IDEA of genetic relatedness, but people in a family don't have to be genetically related
True
A clan is a group of people who all believe that they are related to one common ancestor
True
A primatologist studies
Primate biology and behavior
Compared to the Archaic Modern people (e.g., Neanderthals), modern human brain size is...
about the same or even smaller
Among all humans over the last 400,000 years, we can see that brain size.....
has not increased since the time of the Archaic Modern people (e.g., Neandertals)
Painting, art, burials, musical instruments, shell beads... these are all evidence of...
symbolic thought
Modern tribal people are "living fossils" of the way everyone on earth used to live about 10000 years ago
False
Anthropologist are the social scientist who thought the most about cultural relativism. And attitude of cultural relativism involves seeking...
To understand the logic and history of a custom
The idea that a country should include ONLY individuals who share a common history and ethnic background (language and religion) is called...
Nationalism
A business that is "horizontally integrated" is organized in a matter thst is actually quite similar to that of ...
An egalitarian Society
In egalitarian society, the most important distinctions are those of....
Only two of the options are correct ( education, age,sex)
In a small scale society what is the main social glue or idea that keeps the society together and functioning? Is it the idea of...
Kinship
In the USA, "blood quantum" grouping consider —— to group people into cultural categories of races
The racial categories used to describe a persons ancestors
The biological idea of race assumes that physical traits are
concordant
When a woman is pregnant if she does not get enough folic acid, her baby has an increased likelihood of developing....
spina bifida and other problems of the neural tube (spine and brain)
osteroporosis refers to bone (osteo-) and porous (porosis) so a person with this has....
Fragile bones that break easily
Darker colored skin acts to protect the body from too much...
ultraviolet light
A group or individuals of a species that regularly inter breed in nature is called an/a
Population
Humans did NOT form different species over the last 70,000 years because they were....
inter-breeding with one another
In the cold of the artic, animals tend to be large in size. This is an adaptation for them to retain beat. This is an example of...
Bergmans rule
And omnivore is biologically able to eat...
A wide range of plants and animals, including insects, eggs, and so on
The categories of "freshman " and "Kest year students" in ISS are ——- categories
Discordant
Within the human species, the age of menarche depends quite a bit upon....
diet (nutrition)
THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...