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Chapter 10 Psych Vocab

Terms in this set (26)

prosocial behavior
actions that are intended to benefit others
kin selection
preferential helping of genetic relatives, which results in the greater likelihood that genes held in common will survive
reciprocal altruism
altruism that involves an individual helping another (despite some immediate risk or cost) and becoming more likely to receive help from the other in return
indirect reciprocity
a kind of reciprocal altruism in which an individual who helps someone becomes more likely to receive help from someone else
empathy
understanding or vicariously experiencing another individual's perspective and feeling sympathy and compassion for that individual
perspective taking
using the power of imagination to try to see the world through someone else's eyes
empathetic concern
other oriented feelings such as sympathy, compassion, and tenderness
negative state relief model
the proposition that people help others in order to counteract their own feelings of sadness
egoistic
motivated by desire to improve one's own welfare
altruistic
motivated by the desire to improve another's welfare
empathy-altruism hypothesis
the proposition that empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping
bystander effect
the effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping
pluralistic ignorance
the state in which people in a group mistakenly think that their own individual thought, feelings, or behaviors are different from those of the others in the group
diffusion of responsibility
the belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need
audience inhibition
reluctance to help for fear of making a bad impression on observers
reluctant altruism
altruistic kinds of behavior that result from pressure from peers or other sources of direct social influence
identity fusion
a strong sense of "oneness" and shared identity with a group and its individual members
social norm
a general rule of conduct reflecting standards of social approval and disapproval
Steps of empathy-altruism hypothesis
1. Perception that someone needs help

2. Either adopt perspective of other person or not

3. Emotional response
----> adopt other person's perspective: empathetic concern
---->don't adopt perspective: personal distress

4. Type of motive
---> empathetic concern: altruism
---> personal distress: egoistic

4. Satisfaction pf motive
---> Altruistic: Reduction of other's distress
---> egoistic:reduction of one's own distress
5 steps to helping
1. Notice that something is happening

2. interpret event as an emergency

3. Take responsibility for providing help

4.Decide how to help

5. provide help
Road blocks that prevent you from noticing that something is happening? (2)
-distraction

-self-concern
Roadblocks that prevent us from interpreting event as an emergency?(3)
ambiguity

relationship between attacker and victim

pluralistic ignorance
Roadblock that prevents us from taking responsibility for providing help
diffusion of responsibility
Roadblocks that prevent us from deciding how to help?
lack of competence
Road blocks for providing help?
-Audience inhibition

-costs exceeds rewards
Kitty Genovese
woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect
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