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BIPN 148 In-Class Quizzes

Terms in this set (25)

Which of the following conclusions about memory was best established by research from Muller and Pilzecker:
A. Repetition decreases the rate of forgetting over time
B. There is no single memory center in the brain for permanent storage
C. New memories are susceptible to interference by new learning
D. Episodic memories may selectively depend on the medial temporal lobe
E. The severity of memory impairment is related to the extent and location of brain damage
C. New memories are susceptible to interference by new learning
Which brain region listed below is not located in the medial temporal lobe of the human brain and was not damaged in patient HM?
A. hippocampus
B. entorhinal cortex
C. perirhinal cortex
D. parahippocampal cortex
E. parietal cortex
E. parietal cortex
Which change in the neural circuit that underlies the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia will result in habituation that persists for more than a week?
A. a decrease in postsynaptic potentials in sensory neurons innervating the siphon
B. a reduction in the number of siphon sensory neuron synaptic terminals
C. a reduction in the number of postsynaptic NMDA receptors
D. a decrease in the potassium conductance of the sensory neuron
E. more than one answer is correct
B. a reduction in the number of siphon sensory neuron synaptic terminals
The direct consequence of a broader action potential in the siphon sensory neuron when touching the siphon after a shock to the tail is:
A. an increase in neurotransmitter release
B. an increase in calcium concentration in the presynaptic terminal
C. an increase in potassium channel conductance
D. an increase in neurotransmitter docking to the active zone
E. an increase in AMPA receptor conductance
B. an increase in calcium concentration in the presynaptic terminal
Patients with Parkinson's disease are impaired in which of the following behavioral tasks?
A. weather prediction task
B. delayed non-matching to sample task
C. Rey-Osterrith Complex Figure test
D. Both A and C
E. Both B and C
Weather prediction task
What is the cell layer indicated by the yellow arrow (smaller C) in horizontal sections of rat and human medial temporal lobe? What form of plasticity can be induced between its synaptic terminals and postsynaptic targets?
A. CA3, Associative
B. CA3, Non-associative
C. Dentate Gyrus, Associative
D. Dentate Gyrus, Non-associative
E. Entorhinal Cortex, Associative
D. Dentate Gyrus, non-associative
The expression of LTP at CA1 synapses is most directly supported by which cellular event?
A. Activation by Calcineurin
B. Autophosphorylation of CaMKII
C. The removal of magnesium from the NMDA receptor pore
D. Calcium influx
E. Phosphorylation of CREB-1
B. Autophosphorylation of CaMKII
An extracellular recording is made near CA1 dendrites following the stimulation of the Schaffer Collaterals. In a recorded trace shown below, which of the labeled components reflect the number of axons recruited by the stimulating electrode?
A. X (first peak)
B. Y (small peak)
C. Z (large, broad peak)
D. X and Y
E. X and Z
B. Y
Under the experimental condition illustrated to the left, what would be the final outcome of 1 train of 100Hz stimuli, followed by the administration of an NMDA antagonist (APV) 1 hour after the stimulation protocol? (Schaffer collaterals)
A. synaptic transmission would remain at baseline values
B. Early-LTP
C. Late-LTP
D. Early-LTD
E. Late-LTD
B. Early-LTP
Which of the following cellular events is critical in order to initiate the conversion of short lasting LTP (Early-LTP) in hippocampal neuronal circuits to long lasting long-term potential (Late-LTP)?
A. CRE targets are blocked by the binding of MAPK
B. MAPK phosphorylates PKA, enhancing translocation to the nucleus
C. CREB-1 binding to the CRE response element
D. Phosphorylation of CREB-1 bound to the CRE response element
E. CREB-1 is dephosphorylated by calcineurin within a critical time window
D. Phosphorylation of CREB-1 bound to the CRE response element
Which of the following neurons will fire an action potential?
A. a hippocampal CA3 neuron expressing channelrhodopsin after the administration of blue light
B. A hippocampal CA3 neuron expressing halorhodopsin after the administration of blue light
C. A hippocampal CA3 neuron expressing halorhodopsin after the administration of green light
D. A hippocampal CA3 neuron expressing channelrhodopsin after the administration of green light
E. None of the above
A. A hippocampal CA3 neuron expressing channelrhodopsin after the administration of blue light
After learning in the inhibitory avoidance task, a decrease in the proportion of phosphorylated AMPA GluR1 subunits at the serine 845 site can serve as an indicator for which process in CA1 hippocampal neurons...
A. the formation of an engram
B. the consolidation of fear memory
C. the expression of LTP
D. the expression of LTD
e. none of the above
D. the expression of LTD
After channelrhodopsin expression in auditory areas, LTP in the lateral amygdala can be induced
A. by light (in lateral amygdala) paired with a shock
B. by 100Hz light stimulation in lateral amygdala
C. by 10Hz light stimulation in lateral amygdala
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
D. A and B
- by light (in lateral amygdala) paired with a shock
- by 100Hz light stimulation in lateral amygdala
An event that occurred approximately 25 minutes ago is identified by
A. increased levels of arc nuclear mRNA
B. increased levels of arc cytoplasmic mRNA
C. Increased levels in arc protein
D. A and B
E. A and C
B. Increased levels of arc cytoplasmic mRNA
The main advantage of the tTA/tetO system over the cre-lox system in the tTA/tetO system
A. can be engineered with cell specific promotors
B. can target a single gene
C. has temporal control, allowing it to be turned off
D. can be used in special breeding lines to target specific brain regions
E. is turned on after development
C. has temporal control, allowing it to be turned off
Which of the following is observed as a consequence of trained expertise in spatial navigation in humans?
A. Increase in the baseline firing rates of postrhinal cortex neurons
B. Increase in posterior hippocampal grey matter
C. An improvement in hippocampal-associated memory
D. A and B
E. B and C
E. B and C
-Increase in posterior hippocampal grey matter
-An improvement in hippocampal-associated memory
Your goal is to obtain a mouse strain in which the engram can be selectively tagged and suppressed.
With this goal in mind, which specific promoter should be used to drive tTA expression in mouse 1 if it is to be crossed with a mouse in which tetO drives expression of halorhodopsin?
A. catFISH
B. Zif
C. Tau-LacZ
D. CaMKII alpha
E. None of the above
B. Zif
What can be conferred from the activity pattern of a single CA3 hippocampal neuron shown below at two temporally separated events?
A. the animal has likely returned to the same location
B. the animal has more experience in event 1 than event 2
c. there is likely a difference in non-spatial information between event 1 and event 2
D. A and B
E. A and C
E. A and C
- the animal has likely returned to the same location
- there is likely a difference in non-spatial information between event 1 and event 2
Lateral entorhinal cortex layer III pyramidal cells project to
A. CA1
B. CA3 and CA1
C. the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1
D. the dentate gyrus and CA3
E. the dentate gyrus
A. CA1
The relation between the change in the input and output for a CA3 network is shown in black and for a CA1 network in blue. Which of the following statements correctly describes the dynamics of each network depicted in the schematic?
A. CA3 and CA1 perform pattern completion and separation
B. CA3 performs pattern completion, but not separation; CA1 neither completes nor separates
C. CA3 performs pattern completion and separation, CA1 neither completes nor separates
D. CA3 and CA1 perform pattern separation but not completion
C. CA3 performs pattern completion and separation, CA1 neither completes nor separates
What state is the brain most likely in under the following neuromodulatory conditions?
A. REM sleep
B. Stages 1-2 slow wave sleep
C. Stages 3-4 slow wave sleep
D. Wakefulness
E. Epileptic seizures
D. Wakefulness
Which of the following network computations is a specialized hippocampal operation used in the service of memory encoding in direct response to the interference problem of the neocortex in representing experience (overlapping representations)?
A. Pattern completion
B. Pattern separation
C. Pattern recognition
D. Connectivity enhancement
E. Systems consolidation
B. Pattern separation
Which theory of systems consolidation would consistently account for, or accurately describe, both of the amnesiac groups depicted in the data graph below?
A. Standard Theory of Information Processing
B. Cellular Consolidation Theory
C. Multiple Trace Theory of Systems Consolidation
D. Standard Theory of Systems Consolidation
E. Not one theory can account for both of the depicted MTL case findings
C. Multiple Trace Theory of Systems Consolidation
During the first hours of sleep...
A. reactivated behavioral sequences in the CA3 network are more prominently observed
B. acetylcholine levels are at their highest
C. theta oscillations are the most prominent brain oscillation
D. brain oscillations become desyncrhonous
E. the hippocampus is most receptive to processing information from the neocortex
A. reactivated behavioral sequences in the CA3 network are more prominently observed
Which of the following scales of electrophysiological signals is specific enough to convey the activity of a local network located deep in the brain, but general enough to convey all voltage deflections of multiple cell types?
A. intracellular membrane conductance
B. LFP (local field potential)
C. ECoG (electrocorticography)
D. fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)
E. EEG (electroencephalography)
B. LFP (local field potential)
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