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American History Final 12/22/19

Terms in this set (73)

Alianza Federal de Mercedes (1962)
organization founded by the New Mexico civil rights activist Reies Lopez Tijerina to demand that the government respect land rights granted by the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Alliance for Progress (1961)
a multi-billion dollar aid program for Latin America aimed at establishing economic cooperation between the United States and South America
American Indian Movement (AIM)
formed in Minneapolis in 1968, an activist organization devoted to protecting Indian rights and to upholding established treaties, particularly over land, with federal, state, and local governments
Bay of Pigs invasion
failed operation approved by President Kennedy to invade Cuba with small CIA-led military force of political Cuban exiles with hopes of liberating the country and removing Fidel Castro from power
Black Panther Party
a radical civil rights organization founded in Oakland in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. Members of Black Panthers advocated black self-determination and armed self-defense against police brutality
Brezhnev, Leonid
Chairman of the Communist Party and leader of the Soviet Union, his actions in response to the Prague Spring and uprisings in eastern Europe in 1968 increased tensions with the US
Carmichael, Stokely
leader of the student non-violent coordinating committee, he was one of the founder of the Black Power movement in 1966
Carson, Rachel
scientists and environmentalist, she is most famous for her book Silent Spring
Castro, Fidel
Communist revolutionary, he led a successful overthrow of the US backed Cuban government in 1959
Chavez. Cesar
labor leader and head of the National Farm Workers Association, he led a nationwide grape boycott to force growers to recognize the union
Civil Rights Act of 1964
congressional act that prohibited discrimination in employment or the use of public places on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin
Counterculture
in the 1960s and early 1970s, the name given to the subculture of college of college-age young Americans who developed distinctively liberal beliefs and practices regarding sexuality, race, gender, politics, and culture; these values stood in contrast to those of the dominant culture of their parents
Cuban missile crisis
a tense standoff between the United States and Soviet Union in October 1962 when the United States discovered that the Soviets had begun installing nuclear missiles in Cuba. The incident was the most dramatic nuclear standoff of the Cold War
Earthrise
first photo of earth from space captured by Apollo 8 astronauts on Christmas Eve, 1968
Friedan, Betty
feminist writer, famous for The Feminine Mystique
Glenn, John
the first American to orbit the earth, he later became a senator from his home state of Ohio
Goldwater, Barry
republican presidential candidate in 1964, his campaign popularized a new conservation that declared the government to be the enemy of liberty
Great Society
president Lyndon Johnson's name for a series of social and economic reforms, begun in 1965, to end racial discrimination, expand educational opportunities, end hunger and poverty, and make health care available for all
Hendrix, Jimi
american guitarist who drew his inspiration from blues musicians, he became popular in Europe before he was accepted in the US
Huerta, Delores
labor leader and head of the National Farm Workers Association, she led a nationwide grape boycott to force growers to recognize the union
Jobs, Steve
a pioneer in computer technology, he was one of many veterans of the counterculture who turned their energies to creating the technology that would be the framework of the new information age
Johnson, Lyndon B.
successor to John F Kennedy, he masterminded the Great Society and supported the civil Rights Movement
Kennedy, John F.
president during the upheavals of the early 1960s including the Cuban missile crisis, he was assassinated in Dallas, TX in November 1963
Kennedy, Robert F.
attorney general under John F. Kennedy he was assassinated during his presidential campaign in 1968
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
minister and face of the Civil Rights Movement, he was dedicated to the principles of nonviolent resistance
Kosygin, Alexei
soviet foreign minister, he met with Lyndon Johnson in 1967 in one of the few Soviet-American summits of the era
Lewis, John
a leader of the soviet non-violent coordinating committee, he helped plan the 1965 civil rights march from Selma to Birmingham
Limited test Ban Treaty 1963
an agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union that ended above-ground atomic weapon testing but permitted continued testing underground
Malcom X
a leader in the Nation of Islam and black nationalist, he promoted separation of the races
March on Washington 1963
civil rights demonstration in which Martin Luther King Jr. delivered "I Have a Dream" speech
Marshall, Thurgood
African American lawyer who argued many civil rights cases while working for the NAACP, including the famous Brown v Board of Education. He later become the first African American Supreme Court justice
medicaid
a health care plan that originated with President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs in which the federal government provided states matching grants to pay for medical costs of poor people of all ages
medicare
a health plan that originated with President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society programs that provided universal hospital insurance for Americans over 65
Meredith, James
air force veteran and the first African American student to attend the University of Mississippi
Miranda v Arizona 1966
supreme court decision that required police to tell suspects of their right to remain silent and to have access to legal counsel
model cities
federal union aid program created by President Lyndon Johnson to encourage physical and economic revitalization of the nation's poorest urban areas
National Organization for Women (NOW)
founded in 1966, this organization advocated an end to laws that discriminated against women, opportunity to work at any job, and equal pay for equal work
New Frontier
name given to President John F. Kennedy's collection of programs to expand economic and social opportunities in the United States
New Left
counterculture protest movement of the 1960s whose young activists intentionally distanced themselves from the ideological infighting, Marxist learnings, and labor organizing of the Old Left of the 1930s and 1940s
Schlafly, Phylis
a consecrative activist, she organized a movement to oppose ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution
sunbelt
band of warm-climate states of the southern and southwest United States that grew in political, cultural, and economic significance after massive post WWII migrations
Tijerina, Reies Lopez
founder of the Alianza Federal de Mercedes, which demanded that the US government respect Mexican-Americans ownership of land annexed to the US in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
voting rights act of 1965
congressional act that outlawed literacy tests to vote and gave the Justice Department the power directly to register voters in districts where discrimination existed
What was the complaint of the Berkeley Free Speech Movement in the fall of 1964
They argued that their education did not prepare them properly for the job market
Who began the lunch counter sit-ins in North Carolina in 1960
students
Why did people in East Berlin flee to West Berlin after World War II
They were hoping for a better life in the West
During which time period did Congress pass the social and economic reforms that became known as the Great Society
1964-1966
Why were only 355 out of 15,000 voting-age African Americans in Selma, Alabama, registered to vote in 1965
Would-be black voters faced complex tests that white voters did not
Why was Medicare so important for Americans in 1965
Elderly Americans were among the poorest people in the country
How did the case of New York Times v. Sullivan further define the libel laws in the United States
Libel had to be deliberate and malicious to be a crime
What concerned Americans about science and technology after World War II
The United States seemed to turn into a "technocracy"
Who started the Six-Day War of 1967
Israel
Beatlemania erupted in the United States in early
1964
Which of the following organizations was not affiliated with the Black Power movement
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
What did Robert Kennedy do during his visit in South Africa in 1966
He denounced apartheid
In 1973, why did the American Indian Movement occupy the site of the 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee
to protest widespread corruption in the BIA and tribal councils
Which administration created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Richard M. Nixon
Which of the following movies immortalized the dark side of the counterculture of the late sixties
Easy Rider
As president, John F. Kennedy exuded all of the following, except
passion for social justice
Why did Martin Luther King Jr. focus the attention of the SCLC on Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963
The town was a hotbed of racism
What ended the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962
The Soviets backed down and pledged to remove the missiles in return for a U.S. pledge not to invade Cuba
What was Lyndon B. Johnson's position on racial injustice
He had grown impatient with its slow progress
Why did Martin Luther King Jr. and John Lewis of SNCC organize a march to Birmingham in 1965
to demand fair access to the right to vote
When did the United States end its national quota system for immigrants
1965
How did Juan Bosch respond to the marines landing in the Dominican Republic in 1965
He decried the suppression of a democratic revolution by the United States
From 1961 to 1969, the American economy
grew constantly
Approximately how much had the western states received in defense spending during World War II
$30 billion
The Rolling Stones picked their name from
a song by Chicago blues artist Muddy Waters
What triggered the Watts riots in Los Angeles in August 1965
the arrest of a young African American driver
How did other minority groups respond to the Black Power movement
They developed their own versions of Black Power in the late 1960s
The Equal Rights Amendment failed
because it did not receive approval of 38 state legislatures
What about the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) made it a leading organization of the New Left
It distanced itself from old-style union organizing
Many of the pioneers of the information age of the 1980s and 90s were veterans of
the counterculture
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