Questions for Exam 4 - BIO 161

After food leaves the stomach, it enters the ...
1. Large intestine
2. Small intestine
3. Esophagus
4. Pharynx
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After food leaves the stomach, it enters the ...
1. Large intestine
2. Small intestine
3. Esophagus
4. Pharynx
2. Small intestine
Which layer of the digestive organs prevents friction with the cavity wall...
1. Mucosa
2. Muscularis
3. Serous
4. Submucosa
3. Serous
The bolus is formed in the
A. Stomach
B. Mouth
C. Pharynx
D. Esophagus
B. Mouth
By the time food leaves your stomach, you have starting digesting
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Both 1 and 2
5. 1, 2, 3
4. Both 1 and 2
Harold has been waking up in the middle of the night with abdominal pain and also has some discomfort in the afternoon. He has not been able to eat as much due to the discomfort.
What is the diagnosis?
Ulcer
What structure carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder?
A. Renal Cortex
B. Renal medulla
C. Ureter
D. Urethra
C. Ureter
What structure will the filtrate enter after leaving the distal convoluted tubule?...
A. Glomerulus
B. Loop of Henle
C. Proximal convoluted tubule
D. Collection Duct
D. Collection Duct
What direction is the substance moving during tubular reabsorption?
A. From blood to filtrate
B. From filtrate to blood
C. From glomerulus to glomerular capsule
D. From blood to urine
B. From filtrate to blood
What is secreted to help regulate blood pH?
A. H+
B. HCO3-
C. OH-
D. H2O
A. H+
What hormone is released if the blood pressure is too low?
A. Antidiuretic hormone
B. Erythropoietin
C. Aldosterone
D. Atrial natriuetic peptide
C. Aldosterone
Which of the following uses the host's cellular machinery to reproduce? 1. Bacteria 2. Parasitic worm 3. Virus 4. All of the above3. Virus•Name examples of physical and chemical barriers in the body.•Physical barrier: skin, hair, mucus •Chemical Barriers: tears, saliva, HCl, sweat, oil•How can a fever be beneficial? •Is there a time when it is not beneficial?•Speeds up metabolism so immune cells work faster •When it becomes too high--105Which of the following uses lyses to destroy a cell or pathogen? 1. Natural Killer Cell 2. Interferon 3. Neutrophils 4. All of the above1. Natural Killer CellWhich of the following is a defensive protein used to fight bacteria? 1. Interferon 2. Complement 3. Macrophage 4. Histamine2. ComplementHCl is an example of what type of defense mechanism? 1. Chemical barrier 2. Physical barrier 3. Inflammation 4. All of the above1. Chemical barrierInterferon is secreted by 1. Cells infected with bacteria 2. Blood vessels 3. Cells infected with a virus 4. Skin3. Cells infected with a virusSwelling and pain associated with inflammation are caused by 1. Secretion of pyrogens 2. Constriction of blood vessels 3. Dilation of blood vessels 4. Increased permeability of capillaries4. Increased permeability of capillariesWhat identifies your cells as being unique to you? 1. Complement 2. Antigens 3. Virus receptors 4. MHC markers4. MHC markersWhat cell finds the pathogen and activates the third line of defense? 1. Macrophage 2. Neutrophil 3. T-cell 4. B-cell1. MacrophageWhich of the following cells is critical to both cell and antibody mediated defense? 1. Plasma cells 2. Cytotoxic T-cells 3. Helper T-cells 4. B-cells3. Helper T-cellsWhich of the following cells produces antibodies? 1. Helper T-cells 2. Plasma cells 3. Cytotoxic T-cells 4. Macrophages2. Plasma cellsWhich of the following uses cell lysis as a defense mechanism? 1. Complement 2. Natural Killer cells 3. Cytotoxic T-cells 4. All of the above4. All of the above•What is the theory behind how allergy shots can help you alleviate symptoms?•Add increasing amounts of antigen so the immune cells will build up a tolerance and not attach it any more.•Based on what you know about the hormonal regulation of male sexual hormones, how could a male birth control pill be designed?•Only a complete elimination of testosterone in the testes will work.Which gland adds fructose to the semen? 1. Prostate gland 2. Seminal vesicle gland 3. Bulbourethral gland 4. Epididymis2. Seminal vesicle glandWhat route does sperm take to exit the body? 1. Testes, vas deferens, epididymis, urethra 2. Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, urethra 3. Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra 4. Testes, prostate gland, vas deferens, urethra3. Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethraSecondary spermatocytes are 1. Haploid 2. Diploid 3. Tetraploid 4. Polyploid1. HaploidWhat cell divides to form the spermatids? 1. Spermatogonium 2. Spermatids 3. Secondary spermatocyte 4. Primary spermatocyte3. Secondary spermatocyteWhen are primary oocytes formed in females? 1. All are formed at puberty 2. All are formed before birth 3. They are continually replaced throughout life. 4. They are formed after menopause2. All are formed before birthWhen is the secondary oocyte formed? 1. Before birth 2. Just prior to ovulation 3. At fertilization 4. During menses2. Just prior to ovulationWhich hormone regulates the uterine lining proliferation during the last half of the menstrual cycle 1. FSH 2. LH 3. Progesterone 4. Estrogen3. ProgesteroneWhich is true about days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle? 1. Estrogen and progesterone are both low 2. Estrogen and progesterone are both high 3. Estrogen is high but progesterone is low 4. Estrogen is low but progesterone is high1. Estrogen and progesterone are both low•Birth control pills are primarily high in estrogen. How do they prevent pregnancy?•Estrogen is maintained at a moderate level to inhibit FSH. Without FSH there is no follicle development that leads to ovulation.