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PSY: Ch. 14 Psychological Disorders

Terms in this set (30)

the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction
Define psychopathology
disorders that negatively affect thinking, mood, and behavior
What is mental illness?
Mental illness were caused by possession of evil spirits, and evil spirits released via trephining (poking holes into the skull)
How were the mentally ill treated during Ancient times?
mentally ill = possessed by spirit, so exorcism was the solution
How were the mentally ill treated during the Middle Ages?
witches (and thus, were burned)
The mentally ill were considered to be ____ during the Renaissance
Mental illness was an imbalance of the humors (bodily fluids)
What did Hippocrates believe caused mental illness?
1. statistical/social norm deviance (which depends on context and culture) ex: taking clothes off and shouting at a church

2. subjective discomfort; can be a danger to others

3. inability to function normally (maladaptive; may be a danger to themselves)
The current definitions of abnormality are based on...
Disorders vary according to culture.

Cultural SENSITIVITY and RELATIVITY are necessary in diagnosis and treatment.
What is the role of culture in psychopathology?
any pattern of behavior or thinking that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm others, or harms their ability to function in daily life
What are psychological disorders?
26
About ___ percent of American adults have a mental disorder in any given year.
biological and psychological
Name the two models used to explain disordered thinking or behavior?
This model proposes that psychological disorders have a biological or medical causes.

The origin is in the biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic symptoms of the body.
Explain the biological model of disordered behavior.
This model proposes that disorders are the result of emotional, behavioral, or thought-related malfunctioning.

There are five perspectives:
1. psychodynamic (cause is in our unconscious; stem from repressed conflicts or urges that are fighting to be conscious)
2. cognitive (thoughts and emotions result in abnormal behavior)
3. sociocultural (thinking and behavior are the products of family, social, and cultural influences)
4. biopsychological (sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors)
5. behavioral (abnormal behavior is learned)
Explain the psychological model of disordered behavior.
ICD-10
DSM-5
RDoc
Name the three guides that help diagnose and classify disorders.
the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

a manual that describes and provides diagnostic criteria for around 250 psychological disorders that is constantly being revised as times change

ex: Homosexuality used to be a psychological disorder.
What is the DSM-5?
TRUE
T/F: Mental disorders are on the leading causes of disability in the United States and Canada
the body's natural response to stress

it can be FREE-FLOATING: non-specific, anxious in general
or
it can be a PHOBIA: specific
(ex: social anxiety disorder, or social phobia; agarophobia; specific phobia)
What is anxiety? Name the two different types.
1. generalized anxiety disorder
2. panic disorder
3. obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
4. acute stress disorder (ASD)
5. post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD)
Name the five anxiety, stress, and trauma disorders we learned in class
excessive worry about many things and occurs more often than not

feelings of dread/loom and physical stress that lasts for at least 6 months

source of anxiety is not pinpointed/specific
Describe the generalized anxiety disorder. How do they feel>

Is there a specific source/cause?
individual has recurring panic attacks that cause ongoing worry and concern
Describe panic disorder.
recurring anxiety-provoking thoughts or obsessions that are only relieved through compulsive, ritualistic, or repetitive behaviors or mental events

NOT an anxiety disorder

ex: "I can't leave the house, the cat's in the refrigerator!"
ex: washes face for three hours every day, three times day
Describe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
caused by a significant and traumatic stress and may show symptoms of dissociation, nightmares, and reliving the event

the main difference between ASD and PTSD is the duration of the symptoms
Describe acute stress disorder (ASD). How is this different from PTSD?
Anxiety is due to dysfunction in several NTS systems and/or difference in brain activation

evidence: panic disorders are hereditary
Give the biological perspective on the cause of anxiety, trauma, or stress disorders.
Anxiety is a result of illogical, irrational thought processes
Give the cognitive perspective on the cause of anxiety, trauma, or stress disorders.
Anxiety disorders are found around the world, but particular forms vary across cultures
Give the cultural perspective on the cause of anxiety, trauma, or stress disorders.
Anxious behavioral reactions are learned, mainly through negative reinforcement
Give the behavioral perspective on the cause of anxiety, trauma, or stress disorders.
1. dissociative amnesia
2. dissociative identity disorder

Dissociative disorders involve the dissociation of consciousness, memory, or sense of identity (often associated with extreme stress or trauma)
Name the two dissociative disorders learned in class.

What are dissociative disorders?
when one cannot remember personal information, and feel like they can be outside of their own body
ex: they don't know who they are

can involve DISSOCIATIVE FUGUE where the person takes a sudden trip, but also cannot remember this trip
What is dissociative amnesia?
when a person seems to experience at least two or more distinct personalities (which has been controversial) and there is a "black out" period where the person does not know when the one personality takes over

referred to as multiple personality disorder

therapy: integration of personalities
What is dissociative identity disorder? What kind of therapy is offered?
1. psychodynamic: repressed thoughts and behavior is the primary defense mechanism and reduces the emotional pain

2. cognitive + behavioral: trauma-related thought avoidance is negatively reinforced by reduction in anxiety and emotional pain

3. biological: support for brain activity differences in body awareness has been found in individuals with depersonalization/derealization disorder
Name the three explanations for the cause of dissociative disorders
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