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final 1

Terms in this set (61)

Personality
refers to the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
individualism- collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity. A subsequent study added a fifth dimension to the taxonomy: short-term vs. long-term orientation 282 9-3
Gender Egalitarianism.
The culture promotes gender equality and minimizes role differences between men and women. High: Nordic Europe, Eastern Europe. Low: Middle East.
•Assertiveness.
The culture values assertiveness, confrontation, and aggressiveness in social rela- tionships. High: Germanic Europe, Eastern Europe. Low: Nordic Europe.
• Future Orientation.
The culture engages in planning and investment in the future while delaying individual or collective gratification. High: Germanic Europe, Nordic Europe. Low: Middle East, Latin America, Eastern Europe.
• Performance Orientation.
The culture encourages and rewards members for excellence and per- formance improvements. High: Anglo, Confucian Asia, Germanic Europe. Low: Latin America, Eastern Europe.
•Humane Orientation.
The culture encourages and rewards members for being generous, car- ing, kind, fair, and altruistic. High: Southern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa. Low: Latin Europe, Germanic Europe.
Length of big five personality
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion.
conscientious people
are dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering. Conscientious employees prioritize accomplishment striving, which reflects a strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality
Agreeable people
are warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous. Agreeable people prioritize communion striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
Extraverted people
are talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant (in contrast to introverts, who are quiet, shy, and reserved). Of the Big Five, extraver- sion is the easiest to judge in zero acquaintance situations—situations in which two people have only just met. extraverted people prioritize status striving, which reflects a strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure as a means of expressing personality.
Neurotic people
are nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous
Open people
are curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.
situational strength
suggests that "strong situations" have clear behavioral expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important, whereas "weak situations" lack those cues.
Strivers
People who are "accomplishment strivers" have a built-in desire to finish work tasks, channel a high proportion of their efforts toward those tasks, and work harder and longer on task assignments.
people who are low in resources, but motivated by achievement
Ability
refers to the relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a particular range of different but related activities
Cognitive ability
refers to capabilities related to the acquisition and application of knowledge in problem solving
Identify general category of which ability can be grouped
abilities can be grouped into three general categories: cognitive, emotional, and physical.
Verbal ability
refers to various capabilities associated with understanding and expressing oral and written communication.
Quantitative ability
refers to two types of mathematical capabilities.
Reasoning ability
is actually a diverse set of abilities associated with sens- ing and solving problems using insight, rules, and logic
spatial ability
or capabilities associated with visual and mental representation and manipulation of objects in space. The first is called spatial orientation, which refers to a good understanding of where one is relative to other things in the environment. The second spatial ability is called visualization, which is the ability to imagine how separate things will look if they were put together in a particular way.
Perceptual ability
refers to being able to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of information. More specifically, speed and flexibility of closure refers to being able to pick out a pattern of information quickly in the presence of distracting information, even without all the information present.
general cognitive ability
sometimes called the g-factor or simply g—that underlies or causes all of the more specific cognitive abilities we've discussed so far
Sensory abilities
refers to capabilities associated with vision and hearing.
strength
generally refers to the degree to which the body is capable of exert- ing force, there are actually several different types of strength that are important, depending on the job.
Stamina
refers to the ability of a person's lungs and circulatory system to work efficiently while he or she is engaging in prolonged physical activity.
flexibility
refers to the ability to bend, stretch, twist, or reach.
coordination
or the quality of physical movement, may be important in some jobs. Gross body coordination refers to the ability to synchronize the movements of the body, arms, and legs to do something while the whole body is in motion. In contrast, gross body equilibrium involves the ability to maintain the balance of the body in unstable contexts or when the person has to change directions.
Emotional intelligence
is defined in terms of a set of distinct but related abilities, which we describe next.
self-awareness
The first type of emotional intelligence, or the appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself. This facet refers to the ability of an individual to under- stand the types of emotions he or she is experiencing, the willingness to acknowledge them, and the capability to express them naturally.
other awareness
or the appraisal and recognition of emotion in others. a person's ability to recognize and understand the emotions that other people are feeling
emotion regulation
refers to being able to recover quickly from emotional experiences
use of emotions.
This capability reflects the degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of being successful in whatever they're seeking to do.
Cognitive ability has a strong relation with what
General cognitive ability has a strong positive effect on Task Performance. However, the correlation is higher for jobs that are more complex than average and lower for jobs that are less complex than average. The effects of general cognitive ability are near zero for Citizenship Behavior and Counterproductive Behavior.
How teams and groups differ
A team consists of two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose. You can think of teams as a special type of group, where a group is just a collection of two or more people.
forming:
members orient themselves by trying to understand their boundaries in the team.
storming,
members remain committed to ideas they bring with them to the team.
norming,
members realize that they need to work together to accomplish team goals, and conse- quently, they begin to cooperate with one another.
performing
members are comfortable working within their roles, and the team makes progress toward goals.
adjourning.
In this stage, members experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team.
Task interdependence
refers to the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team.
pooled interdependence.
group members complete their work assignments independently, and then this work is simply "piled up" to represent the group's output.
sequential interdependence.
different tasks are done in a prescribed order, and the group is structured such that the members specialize in these tasks.
Reciprocal interdependence
members are specialized to perform specific tasks. However, instead of a strict sequence of activities, members interact with a subset of other members to complete the team's work.
comprehensive interdependence
requires the highest level of interaction and coordination among members as they try to accomplish work
goal interdependence
exists when team members have a shared vision of the team's goal and align their individual goals with that vision as a result.
Outcome interdependence
is when team members share in the rewards that the team earns, with reward examples including pay, bonuses, formal feedback and recognition, pats on the back, extra time off, and continued team survival.
What effect does deep level diversity have on team creativity
Deep-level diversity has also been shown to have positive effects on team creativity when members are instructed to take the perspective on their teammtes.
What is it called when a team believes in effective across the variety and situation
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Team characteristic,
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Team process
is a term that refers to the different types of communication, activities, and interactions that occur within teams that contribute to their ultimate end goals.
Team compensation
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SQ: Identify why team are struggle in; Why team might be challenge in particular area
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Boundary spending
process boundary spanning, which involves three types of activities with individuals and groups other than those who are considered part of the team.
ambassador activities
refer to communications that are intended to protect the team, persuade others to support the team, or obtain important resources for the team
Task coordinator activities
involve communications that are intended to coordinate task-related issues with people or groups in other functional areas.
scout activities
refer to things team members do to obtain information about technology, competitors, or the broader marketplace.
decision informity
reflect whether members possess adequate information about their own task responsibilities.
staff validity,
which refers to the degree to which members make good recommendations to the leader.
hierarchical sensitivity,
which reflects the degree to which the leader effectively weighs the recommendations of the members.
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