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BUA 311 Midterm Review

Terms in this set (64)

"Leadership is a matter of intelligence, trustworthiness, humanis, courage, and sternness." Who said this?
Sun Tzu
"Core principle of _____ is the concept of duty being at the foundation of morality" Who said this?
Immanuel Kant
Do not do to others what you wouldn't want them to do to you. Golden or silver rule?
The Silver Rule
Basically 3 ethical theories of environmental responsibility.
Animal rights/Speciesism
Ethnocentrism
Anthropocentrism
"Do unto others as you would have done to you." Golden or silver rule?
The Golden Rule
_____ studies the nature of knowledge. How we come to know things. (ends with "ology")
Epistemology
_____ examines the nature of things. Why things exist.
...
According to this doctrine, a fact is good only if it has good consequences.
Utilitarian Doctrine
This ethical theory focuses on character traits such as sympathy, compassion, loyalty, and friendship.
...
List and briefly discuss 5 basic factors that makeup Sun Tzu's ethical theory.
Tao: Morality
Tien: Climate or timing
Di: Terrain or ground
Jiang: Leadership or command
Fa: Methods
List Kohlberg's 6 stages of moral development.
Preconventional morality
Conventional morality
Postconventional morality

Social Contract and Individual Rights
Universal Principles
_____ is the set of rules, principles, or values that each person possesses in order to guide his or her decision making as to what course of action to take.
Ethics
_____ framework claims that hypernorms take priority over _____.
Integrative Social Contracts Theory; Microsocial norms
Definition of hypernorms and microsocial norms.
Hypernorms: Consists of moral standards that must be applied to all societies
Microsocial Norms: Differ from one community to another and should be applied only if community accepts them
Explain Integrative Social Contracts Theory
Different societies believe in different things.
2 kinds of moral standards: Hypernorms, Microsocial Norms
This theory says that because different societies have different ethical beliefs there is no rational way of determining whether an action is morally right or wrong other than by asking the people of that society whether they believe it's right or wrong.
Ethical Relativism
_____ is any identifiable group or individual who can affect the achievement of an organization's objectives.
Stakeholder
Compare and contrast stakeholder and shareholder
A shareholder owns part of a public company through shares of stock.
A stakeholder has an interest in the performance of a company for reasons other than stock performance or appreciation.
_____ is a person's entitlement to something.
Rights
A legal right is also called _____.
Law
In business there are 3 basic types of issues when it comes to ethics. Know the 3 types & definitions
Systemic: Where ethical questions are raised about the economic, political and other social systems within the business operates
Corporate: Corporate level
Individual: Where ethical questions are raised about a particular individual or particular individuals within a company
A _____ study is one that doesn't try to reach any conclusions about what things are truly good or bad or right or wrong. Instead it attempts to describe the world without reaching conclusions about whether the world is as it ought to be.
...
_____ is a corporation's responsibilities or obligations toward society.
Corporate Social Responsibility
What are the 2 types of utilitarianism?
Act Utilitarianism: Choose the act which maximizes utility (greatest benefit to harm ratio)
Rule Utilitarianism: Actions are judged as ethical or unethical based on rules that lead to the greatest good
What are the 7 elements of the felicific calculus?
Intensity: How strong is the pleasure
Duration
Certainty or Uncertainty: Likeliness of occurring
Propinquity: getting close to people or how soon will the pleasure occur
Fecundity: Was it good enough to do again?
Purity: Will you have regrets?
Extent: How many people will be affected by it?
The felicific calculus is also called _____.
Hedonistic Calculus
Propinquity means what?
The state of being close to someone or something
_____ utilitarians are concerned about long term benefits to harm ratios.
...
What does utility mean in utilitarianism?
People performing actions for the well-being of many people.
Bentham proposed that there are _____ (#) pleasures and _____ (#) pains.
14 pleasures; 12 pains
Who is the founder of classical utilitarianism?
Jeremy Bentham
There are 3 levels of business ethics. Identify and briefly explain them.
Micro: Exchange between individuals' ethical behavior (small)
Macro: Exchange between cultural or business world (rules & laws) (universal)
Molar: Basic unit of commerce within a corporation/ have slang that may not be used somewhere else
_____ theories are interested in duty.
Deontological Ethics
_____ theories are interested in consequences
Egoism
What are Kant's 2 imperatives?
Act according to duty (legalistic mindset) and act from duty(morality and moral worth).
Definition of a maxim.
Every action has a rule or principle behind it.
_____ duties are those specific requirements for action that have subsisted through history.
Perennial duties
A _____ is the moral obligation to perform an act that is right regardless of the consequences.
Duty
Perineal duties fall into what 2 categories:
...
5 basic factors of sun tzu's ethical theories (not in book):
Tao, Tien, Di, Jiang, Fa
Match with below
Norelethics, Climate or timing, Terrain or ground, Leadership or command, Methods
Tao = Morality
Tien = Climate or timing
Di = Terrain or ground
Jiang = Leadership or command
Fa = Methods
_____ is the duty to tell the truth and not leave anything important out.
Honesty
_____ is the duty to promote others welfare so far as it is possible and reasonable
Beneficence
_____ is the duty to thank and remember those who help us
Gratitude
_____ is the duty to keep our promises and hold our end of the bargain.
Fidelity
_____ is the duty to compensate others when we harm them.
Reparation
According to Aristotle, _____ is the duty to treat equals equally and unequals unequally.
Fairness
The Bible's Matthew 5 verse 38 contains the proverb and eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. That is an example of _____ justice.
Retributive
The idea that when you set up rules for resolving dilemmas you don't get to know beforehand which side of the rules you will fall on, what is this called.
Veil of Ignorance
Treat people as an end and never as a means to an end is Kant's _____ imperative.
Categorical
A _____ is a justified claim against others.
Right
John Locke maintained that rights have 3 qualities. What are they?
Universal- Don't transform through places or time; to be discovered
Equal- same for all
Inalienable- they can't be taken, sold or given away
Within ethical theory the acceptance of basic rights as the providers of moral guidance with emphasis attached to the right to our possessions and the fruits of our work. What ethical theory is this?
Libertarianism
_____ are those rights that require others to not interfere with me and whatever I'm doing.
Negative rights
_____ rights are obligations others have to help protect and preserve my basic _____ rights.
Positive; human
_____ is the ethical belief that an act is recommendable if it brings the greatest good to the greatest number if it increases net happiness or decreases net unhappiness when everyone is taken into account.
Utilitarianism
_____ is a general term for youthfulness and benefit that serve as the rut for the theory of utilitarianism.
...
_____ is an individual whose happiness is sacrificed in order to increase the happiness of others.
Utilitarian Sacrifice
_____ is an individual capable of feeling disproportionately high sensations of pleasure and happiness, one who consequently requires others to sacrifice their happiness in the name of maximizing net happiness.
Utilitarian Monster
There are 2 forms of utilitarianism. Identify them. Define them
Act Utilitarianism: Choose the act which maximizes utility (greatest benefit to harm ratio)
Rule Utilitarianism: Actions are judged as ethical or unethical based on rules that lead to the greatest good
_____ is frequently referred to simply as utilitarianism and its the ethical belief that an act is recommendable if it increases net happiness or decreases net unhappiness when everyone is taken into account.
Soft Utilitarianism
_____ is the ethical belief that a rule for action is recommended if collective obedience to the rule increases net happiness when everybody is taken into account.
Rule Utilitarianism
_____ is a feminist psycologist who critisized Kolbergs theory on the grounds that it describes male and not female patterns of moral development.
Carol Gilligan
From the _____ perspective, businesses have an obligation not to damage the environment in ways that negatively impact humans.
...
Identify the 5 steps of Discourse Ethics.
1- Find the stakeholders (Who is most affected by the dilemma?). Invite to sit down and resolve the issue.
2- Establish the language that will guide the discussion. Find common ground.
3- Establish the goal.
4- Define the problem.
5- Propose solutions. Not just 1. Produce evidence. Get everyone on the same page.
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