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Lecture 3

Terms in this set (53)

a temporary alteration in behavior resulting from the pathological and rhythmic firing of a group of brain neurons

periodic occurrence of seizures

______ seizure begins in a discrete site in the cerebral cortex, while a _______ seizure involves both cerebral hemispheres from the outset

focal; generalized

blocks sodium and potassium channels, and also blocks the AMPA receptor, and decreases glutamate release

Alternatives for Bipolar (first-line, unresponsive to Li, other)

Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine

commonly used off-label as monotherapy against all types of seizures

blocks sodium and potassium channels, and also blocks the NMDA receptor

The major adverse effect of valproic acid; who is at greatest risk

hepatotoxicity; babies and young children taking multiple medications

Valproate is useful for _____ seizures

Prophylaxis of migraine

Valproate, Topiramate

Its primary effect is to block sodium channels

Carbamazepine is metabolized to an _______ metabolite, which is both stable and as active as the parent drug

Carbamazepine is useful for _____ seizures

generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizures

treats trigeminal neuralgia or phantom limb pain

chemically similar to carbamazepine, but causes fewer adverse effects

Relatively selective for absence seizures

Antagonism of low-threshold calcium currents in the thalamus

decreasing the release of glutamate, and increasing the release of GABA, from nerve terminals

No important drug interactions, minimal toxicity

Gabapentin is used to treat ______ seizures

Treats postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy

First drug approved by FDA to treat fibromyalgia

Anticonvulsant that does not produce generalized depression of the CNS

Slowing in the rate of recovery of sodium channels

It must be given slowly because high blood concentrations are associated with severe cardiac arrhythmias

Phenytoin is used to treat ______ seizures

generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizures

Among the barbiturates, it has the highest ratio of anticonvulsant efficacy to sedation

Barbiturates increases activity at ______ receptors

tolerance develops to the sedating effect but not to the anticonvulsant effect

induces the synthesis of microsomal enzymes

contraindicated in porphyria

Phenobarbital is used to treat ______ seizures

generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizures

inhibitor of sodium channels and a potentiator of GABA

Topiramate is used to treat ______ seizures

generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizures

Adverse effect of Topiramate

cognitive impairment

inhibits GABA reuptake

Tiagabine is used to treat ______ seizures in addition to other medications

First medication to selectively inhibit the AMPA receptor

Perampanel is used to treat ______ seizures in addition to other medications; off-label monotherapy for _______ seizures

focal; focal and generalized tonic-clonic

NMDA receptor antagonist

first medication to selectively open potassium channels

Ezogabine is used to treat ______ seizures in addition to other medications

First medication to inhibit GABA transaminase

As tolerance develops to the sedating and ataxic effects of clonazepam, its anticonvulsant efficacy also decreases

Clonazepam is used to treat ______ seizures in addition to other medications

everything except except generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Drugs of choice for status epilepticus

severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy

Dravet syndrome

If a patient continues to have seizures,

substitute a different anticonvulsant prior to beginning combination therapy; taper off

Risk factors for recurrence of seizures include

positive family history, requirement for more than one medication, onset of epilepsy after childhood, and EEG abnormalities during therapy

Are anticonvulsants safe during pregnancy

Mortality in status epilepticus is ______, and the therapeutic goal is to terminate the abnormal electrical activity as quickly as possible

blocks both sodium and calcium channels and increases the release of both dopamine and serotonin

Zonisamide is used to treat ______ siezures

THIS SET IS OFTEN IN FOLDERS WITH...

Lecture 1

13 terms

Lecture 2

28 terms

Lecture 4

21 terms

Lecture 5

34 terms

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