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Neurological Examination

Terms in this set (22)

The extrapyramidal system is located in the
basal ganglia
Testing the deep tendon reflexes gives the examiner information regarding the intactness of the
reflex arc at specific levels in the spinal cord.
An abnormal sensation of burning or tingling is best described as
paresthesia
Automatic associated movements of the body are under the control and regulation of
basal ganglia
What term is used to describe slow, twisting muscle movements that resemble a snake or worm?
Athetosis
Clonus that may be seen when testing deep tendon reflexes is characterized by a(n)
set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle
The presence of primitive reflexes in a newborn infant is indicative of
immaturity of the nervous system
Cerebellar function is tested by
performance of rapid alternating movements
Cerebellum
Coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium, and helps maintain posture
During assessment of extraocular movements, two back-and-forth oscillations of the eyes in the extreme lateral gaze occur. This response indicates
an expected movement of the eyes during this procedure
The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of
the brain and spinal cord.
Hemisphere
Each half of the cerebrum, and each hemisphere is divided into four lobes.
The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of nerve cell bodies and the center for a human's highest functions:
Thought, memory, reasoning, sensation, and voluntary movement.
The frontal lobe contains areas that control:
Personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function.
It also contains Broca's area, which mediates motor speech.
The parietal lobe contains the postcentral gyrus
the primary center for sensation
The occipital lobe
is the primary visual receptor center
The temporal lobe
Has the primary auditory reception center, with functions of hearing, taste, and smell.
It also contains Wernicke's area, which is associated with language comprehension.
The thalamus
Is the main relay station, where sensory pathways form synapses on the way to the cerebral cortex.
The hypothalamus
Is a major respiratory center with basic vital functions, such as regulating temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as sleep and appetite.
It also coordinates autonomic nervous system activity and the stress response.
The autonomic nervous system
Is the part of the nervous system that governs the smooth (or involuntary) muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands.
Its function is to maintain homeostasis in the body
To obtain objective data, follow this sequence for a complete neurologic exam:
• Mental status
• Cranial nerves
• Motor system
• Sensory system
• Reflexes
The vertebral level and corresponding reflex is as follows:
• Biceps reflex: C5 to C6.
• Triceps reflex: C7 to C8.
• Brachioradialis reflex: C5 to C6.
• Quadriceps reflex: L2 to L4.
• Achilles reflex: L5 to S2.
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