Semester 1 Final

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Science is best described as
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Terms in this set (50)
Science is best described as
a way of knowing
The work of scientists usually begins with
careful observations.
Information gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period is called
data.
A scientific hypothesis
can be tested by experiments or observations.
During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests
a single variable.
What does a reviewer do during peer-review?
Check for mistakes and bias.
A well-tested explanation that explains a lot of observations is
a theory.
A personal preference or point of view is
a bias.
Cells in multicellular organisms have many different sizes and shapes. These differences in cells is called cell specialization. Cell specialization allows cells to
perform different functions.
The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called
homeostasis
The three particles that make up atoms areprotons, neutrons, and electrons.Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and a different number ofneutrons.A covalent bond is formed as the result ofsharing electrons.What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?cationWhile preparing a cell culture, a scientist places a colony of bacteria into distilled water and stirs it up. This mixture of water and living cells would best be calleda suspensionSolutions that have more OH- than H+ ions area base.In chemical reactions, atoms arerearrangedEnzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing thespeed of the reaction.A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is calleda catalyst.If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite directionabsorbs energyThe branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is calledecologyThe simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere iscommunityThe lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is theecosystemA mathematical formula designed to predict population fluctuations in a community could be called a(n)ecological modelHow do most primary producers make their own food?by using light energy to make carbohydratesWhat is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?trophic levelWhat are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?energy, biomass, and numbersOnly 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism's life processes, and the rest iseliminated as heatA word that means the same thing as consumer isheterotrophMatter can recycle through the biosphere becausebiological systems do not use up matter, they transform it.Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily bybacteriaAnimals get the most of the nitrogen they needby consuming plants or other animalsPhosphorus is very important for living things because living organisms need phosphorus toform DNA and RNA.What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?producersThe average conditions of the atmosphere in a particular area are referred to as the area'sclimateThe greenhouse effect isa natural phenomenon that maintains Earth's temperature range.An organism's niche isthe range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it obtains what it needs to survive and reproduce.An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is calledherbivoryA symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit ismutualismA symbiotic relationship in which one organism is harmed and the other benefits isparasitismWhich biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?tundraWhat biome do we live in (Southern Indiana)?Temperate ForestWhat is the name of the aquatic ecosystem where freshwater and saltwater merge?estuaryThe pattern of spacing between individuals across the range of a population is itsdispersion (distribution)If you know the range of a population, then you knowthe areas that are inhabited by the population.The movement of organisms into a range is calledimmigrationSuppose that a species of toads is introduced into a new environment in an attempt to reduce the population of insects. The toad has no natural predators in the new environment. The toad population would most likelyincrease exponentiallyDemography is the scientific study ofhuman populationsWhat is the term for the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support long term?carrying capacityWhat type of growth has an S shaped curve?logistic growth