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Ancient Rome Test

Terms in this set (24)

Italian Peninsula
a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea
Etruscans, Latins, Greeks
first settlers of Rome (3 groups)
Romulus and Remus
Traditional story of how Rome began. Twins abandoned and rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd . Grew to build Rome. Romulus later killed Remus
Republic
A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.
Patricians and Plebeians
Two distinct Roman Social Classes
Twelve Tables of Rome
laws of Rome; concept of innocent until proven guilty originated here
Roman Legion
a division of from 3000 to 6000 men (including cavalry) in the Roman army
Punic Wars (264-146 BC)
series of 3 wars between Rome and Carthage in which Hannibal famously led elephants to attack Rome
cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another
checks and balances, separation of powers
What stops one branch of government from becoming to powerful?
Julius Caesar
100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C.
Pax Romana (Roman Peace)
200 year period of peace and prosperity in Rome
End of Roman Republic
Two struggles:
1. the grasp of power by the First Triumvirate in 59 BC (Consisted of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus)
2. rise of the Second Triumvirate (Octavian (Later called Augustus), Mark Antony, and Lepidus)
Aqueducts
Bridge-like stone structures that carry water from the hills into Roman cities
concrete
building material made by mixing small stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water
Christianity
A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.
Judea
Area where most Jews lived that was conquered by the Romans by 63 BC
Christian beliefs
could gain salvation and heaven if one believes in Jesus and the one God
Reasons for the fall of Rome
Contributing factors to this event include: changing of loyalties in military and their interference in politics, lack of strong, civil war and unrest, moving the capital and division of the empire, low confidence, disloyalty, contrast between rich and poor, poor harvests, gold and silver drain, inflation, and threat of attack; immediate causes were pressure from Huns, invasion by Germanic tribes and by Huns, sack of Rome, and conquest by barbarian invaders.
Diocletian
(245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.
Constantine
Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)
Roman Achievements
Republic, Colosseum, aqueducts, the arch, mosaics, frescoes, roads, Latin, civil laws
Christianity and Judaism
-Monotheistic
-Ten Commandments- written laws, moral code
-Torah- Jewish holy book, half of the Christian Bible (Old Testament)
Roman Road System
Expanded across the empire, gave order and structure by allowing for easier trade and communication
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