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Dr.Guzy quiz 3

Terms in this set (31)

conciousness
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment (i.e., personal awareness)
Rarely comes to a standstill
Moves, flows, fluctuates
William James
(1842-1910) Stream of consciousness
Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939) What occurs beneath the stream of consciousness?
Biological rhythms
24 hour cycles-Alertness, body temperature, hormone secretion
90 minute cycles-Stages of sleep
Biological rhythms
Annual cycles-Geese migrate, bears hibernate
Humans experience seasonal variations in appetite, sleep length & moods
28 day cycles-Female menstrual cycle
Waking & Sleeping Rhythms
Circadian rhythm "About a day"
Core body temperature: Peaks in afternoon; lowest during the night (midnight - 6am) Thinking sharpest & memory more accurate during peak period
(24 hour cycle-Circadian rhythm)
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Located in hypothalamus
Receives signals from retina
Sends signals to pineal gland
Pineal gland secretes melatonin which serves to adjust biological clock
Normal circadian rhythm
We can change it -Bright light can reset biological clock
Normal circadian rhythm
We can experience distress if it is disturbed Time zone change (Jet lag) awake when our circadian rhythm cries "Sleep!"/Worse traveling eastward than westward
More difficult to shorten day/To reset biological clock, spend first day outdoors
Additional circadian rhythm disturbances
Shift work sleep disorder,Irregular sleep/wake pattern
Pre- Sleep
Awake but relaxed-Alpha waves & slow rolling eye movements
Non REM sleep
Stage 1: Less awareness of surroundings
Relaxed
Hypnogogic experiences
Hallucinations (e.g., sensation of falling)
5-10 minutes to Stage 2
5% of total sleep time
Theta waves: low frequency brain waves
Sleep
Sleep stages Stage 2: 50% of total sleep,Light sleep
20- 30 minutes to Stage 3
Sleep spindles: bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity
Sleep Disorders
Narcolepsy, insomnia, sleep walking/talking,sudden death in infancy syndrome, sleep apnea
Theories of why we dream: Freudian (Wish Fulfillment)
Latent-the true meaning of the dream. Manifest-what you recall. The real meaning is hidden in the unconscious.
Theories of why we dream:For Survival (problem solving)
Failing, losing money, falling, inappropriately dressed, can't find your way-lost,
Theories of why we dream:Activation-Synthesis (random brain activity)
Your dream is without any meaning. Very convoluted/weird/twisted.
Learning
A working definition A relatively permanent change in behavior that's due to practice
Classical Conditioning (discovery/founder)
stimulus substitution, respondent conditioning- More of an emotional conditioning
Founder: Ivan Pavlov, Russian physiologist by accident.
He wasn't the 1st. Lope De Vega, Spanish Playwright first described it in the 1600's.Edwin Twitmeyer by accident discovered it at Columbia University (before Pavlov).
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
Russia's 1st Nobel Prize winner for his studies on digestion
Later studied learning
Classical Conditioning (types)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
Conditioned response (CR)
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response
Unconditioned response (UCR)
naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response
Conditioned response (CR)
a learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)
Acquisition:
Initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship
Extinction
Diminished responding that occurs when CS (tone) no longer signals (UCS). Includes forgetting and inhibition. Inhibition occurs when you actively force yourself not to respond.
Spontaneous Recovery
Several days, weeks later after extinction, when the CS is presented, a weakened form of the CR will occur
Stimulus generalization:
When the learned response to a specific stimulus is transferred to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
Stimulus discrimination:
When the learned response to a specific stimulus does not transfer to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus
John Watson (1878-1958)
stimulus generalization Behaviorism
The case of Little Albert
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