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Genetics ch. 2

Terms in this set (20)

What are the four basic tissue types?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
somatic cells
body cells
diploid
somatic cells that have two copies of the genome
haploid
germ cells that have one copy of the genome
stem cells
diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells and replicate themselves in a process called self-renewal
prokaryotic cell
a cell that does not have a nucleus, ex. Archaea and Bacteria
nucleus
the structure within a eukaryotic cell filled with DNA complexed with many proteins to form chromosomes
eukaryotic cell
a cell containing a nucleus and other organelles
organelles
structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell
ribosomes
present in cells of all domains, globular assemblies of RNA and protein, essential for protein synthesis
What are the major macro-molecules that make up cells and cells use for fuel?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
carbohydrates
sugars and starches, provide energy and contribute to cell structure
lipids
fats and oils, form the basis of some hormones, form membranes, provide insulation, and store energy
proteins
enable blood to clot, form the contractile fibers of muscle cells, form most of the body's connective tissue
nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
Enzymes
proteins that facilitate, or catalyze, biochemical reactions so that they occur fast enough to sustain life
nucleolus
inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes
plasma membrane
outer boundary of the cell
cytoplasm
a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
messenger RNA
...
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