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Defensive Tactics

Terms in this set (59)

What are the 3 mental states in combat?
1. Combat anxiety- Anticipation to danger
2. Survival stress- Activate SNS
3. Combat stress- Post Event
What are two parts of your autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Identify situations that trigger SNS
1. Objective threat perceptions
2. Objective fear perceptions
3. physical exhaustion
4. startle response
Identify physiological changes with SNS activation
1. Adrenal activity
2. Vascular activity
3. Perceptual narrowing (Auditory exclusion, tunnel vision, etc.)
Identify effects on vision due to SNS activation
1. Tunnel vision
2. Loss of near vision
3. Loss of ability to focus
4. Loss of monocular vision
5. Loss of depth perception
6. Loss of night vision
What is the optimal heart rate?
Between 115-145 BPM
What are fine motor skills?
Skills requiring hand/eye coordination and hand dexterity
What are complex motor skills?
A series of movements requiring hand/eye coordination, precision, tracking, and timing
What are gross motor skills?
Skills that involve large muscle or major muscle groups
What triggers PNS backlash?
Activation of SNS
What are the PNS backlash symptoms?
1. Excessive bleeding
2. Dizziness
3. Symptoms of shock
4. Exhaustion
5. Muscle tremors
Identify the combat performance variables
1. Mindset
2. Motor skill selection
3. Nutrition & hydration
4. Fitness
5. Belief system
What are the 3 types of energy used by your body?
1. ATP/PC
2. Lactic acid
3. Aerobic system
How long does ATP last?
10-15 seconds with 45% decrease in maximum output
How long does Lactic acid last?
45 seconds. Decrease to 55% at 30 seconds and drop to 35% at 60 seconds
How long does Aerobic system last?
As long as officer's fitness provides. Maximum output drops to 31%
Identify survival stress symptoms
1. Rapid breathing
2. Cotton mouth
3. Muscular tremors
4. Increased heart rate
5. Sweaty palms
6. Visual difficulty
7. Loss of ability to concentrate
Identify methods to reduce survival stress
1. Confidence factor
2. Motor skill selection
3. Tactical breathing
4. Visualization drills
5. Faith factor
Identify 3 components of acceptability for PPCT
1. Tactical
2. Legal
3. Medical
Identify 2 philosophies for Force/Control
1. Total control theory
2. One plus one theory
Identify the PPCT resistance continuums, in order from less severe to greatest
1. Psychological intimidation
2. Verbal non-compliance
3. Passive resistance
4. Defensive resistance
5. Active aggression
6. Deadly force assaults
Identify the PPCT control continuums, in order from less severe to greatest
1. Officer presence
2. Verbal direction
3. Soft empty hand techniques
4. Hard empty hand techniques
5. Intermediate weapons
6. Deadly force
What is critical incident amnesia?
A form of temporary amnesia due to a SNS mass discharge.
When should the effects of critical incident amnesia subside?
After 48 hours or second sleep period
What is the inverted-u law?
Relationship between heart rate and performance. Will peak as heart rate goes up and decrease after 145 BPM
What is Hick's law?
Reaction time increases by approximately 150 ms when response option increases from one to two.
When can an officer escalate level of control when resistance does not increase?
1. When lower means of control are ineffective
2. When officer has reasonable belief that method of control will be ineffective due to variables
Identify variables effecting use of force
1. Type of crime committed
2. Relative Size/stature of officer and suspect
3. Exigent circumstances
4. Number of officers
5. Number of subjects
6. Reaction time
7. Relative strength
8. Subjects access to weapons
9. Under the influence
10. Exceptional skills/abilities
11. Injury or exhaustion to officer
12. Weather or terrain
13. Subject's history
Identify the principles of controlling resistive behavior
1. Pain compliance
2. Stunning techniques
3. Distraction techniques
4. Balance displacement
5. Motor dysfunction
Identify 4 steps in reactionary process
1. Perception
2. Analyze / evaluate
3. Formulate a strategy
4. Motor initiation
What is the minimum safe distance an officer should be?
6 feet
What position should an officer avoid?
Inside position
What is the interview position?
1 right or 1 left
What are 3 types of subjects officers encounter?
1. Totally cooperative subject
2. Potentially uncooperative subject
3. Totally uncooperative subject
What is the most dangerous subject to handcuff?
Potentially uncooperative subject
What is the balance between PNS and SNS?
Homeostasis
How do you help recover from PNS backlash?
1. Lay horizontal to equalize blood pressure
2. Ingest fast burning carbs ASAP
3. Assess injuries
What US Supreme Court case justified use of force?
Graham v. Connor
Name the 4 bureau's of the Lexington PD.
1.Bureau of Administration 2. Bureau of Investigation 3. Bureau of Patrol 4. Bureau of Special Operations
When do we change seasonal uniforms?
Semiannually in conjunction with the daylight savings time
Who is the custodian for all equipment used in undercover operations?
The Commander of the Bureau of Investigation Special Investigations Section or designee.
Name the categories for service in the 911 call center.
1- life threatening, 2- property protection, 3- crimes in progress/ non-emergency, 4- service calls, 5- telephone and walk-ins, 6- self-initiated
List, in order, the priorities for responding to calls for service.
1. Protection of Life
2. Protection of Property
3. Crimes in progress/ non-emergency
4. Service Calls
5. Telephone and walk in reports
6. Self-initiated activity, follow-up investigation and court time.
T/F Gang graffiti is primarily done for art or to send messages to the public.
FALSE
How many people are required by KRS to be considered a gang?
5 or more
After putting hands on a suspect, and they complain of injury should you....
A. Tell them they will be okay.
B. Take them to the hospital.
C. Call EC
D. Let the jail take care of it.
C. Call EC.
What does the Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) do, and give an example of it.
-Ability to "flight or fight" -----------Releases 2 hormones: Epinephrine and nor Epinephrine.
What does the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)do, and give an example.
-allows "rest and digest" ---------------allows us to save energy
When in a physical confrontation, what two options does an officer have?
Engage or disengage
Is hand cuffing considered hard hand or soft hand?
Hard Hand
Prior to beginning an off duty assignment, the officer shall notify communications of the following:
1. Location of assignment
2. start and end times
3. Uniformed or non-uniformed
4. Contact telephone number
Who has primary authority in hostage negotiations and barricaded persons?
ERU Commander
Prescribed span of control for line supervisors shall be no more than ____ subordinates.
10
T/F ATM calls generally do not require an emergency response.
TRUE
Standard response for what priority calls allow for emergency lights and sirens?
Priority 1 and 2
3 prong approach to dealing with gangs?
enforcement, prevention, education
What is the most important indicator to establish the existence of a gang?
Criminal activity
List reasons to join a gang?
family, protection, excitement, belonging, pop culture, money, power, forced to
________ the suspect, and ________ the threat.
Control, stop
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