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AP Psych - Midterm Review - Research and Statistics - Unit 2

Terms in this set (21)

Naturalistic Observation
observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Case Study
observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Survey
technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, used to estimate the attitudes or behaviors of the whole population
Correlational study
basic purpose is to show whether there is a relationship between two variables, largely based in statistics
correlation coefficient
statistical measure showing us how closely two variables are related (how well one will predict the other)
postive correlation
as one variable increases or decreases so does the other
negative correlation
as one variable increases the other does the opposite
Scatterplot
a graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two sets of data.
Trend Line/ Line of Best Fit
line on a scatter plot which can be drawn near the points to more clearly show the trend between two sets of data.
experiment
a procedure carried out to support, refute, or validate a hypothesis
double blind
an experimental technique, whereby both the test subject and the researcher are 'blind'
random assignment
assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to the different groups
statistical correlation
a mathematical procedure used to explain the strength of a relationship between variables.
Causation
A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable.
measures of central tendency
mean (average), median (number in the middle of the list), mode (appears most often)
measures of variation
look at how similar or diverse the values are in a number set
standard deviation
how much each individual score differs from the mean (average)
replication
repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
operational definition
a statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Overconfidence
Tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions
Generalization
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
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