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Science Chapter 6 Lessons 1-3

Terms in this set (29)

The color of the powder that a mineral leaves when it is scratched across a special plate is called what?
streak
The way the surface of a mineral reflects light is called what?
luster
What is a mineral?
Natural, nonliving solid crystals that make up rocks
True or False? The crystals in each mineral are the same shape. Explain your answer.
False. Each mineral has it's own crystal pattern or design.
True or False? Apatite can scratch calcite. Explain your answer.
True. Apatite is higher on the Mohs Scale, meaning it is harder.
You find a mineral near your home. What four steps could you use to identify the mineral?
1. Run test 2. Compare to other minerals on a mineral table 3. Match 2 sets of properties 4. Identify the mineral
Rocks that form when layers of sediments settle on one another and harden are what kind of rocks?
Sedimentary
Rocks that form from molten rock are what kind of rocks?
Igneous
What kind of rocks can change as a result of heat and pressure?
Metamorphic
True or False? When lava cools quickly, large crystals form. Explain your answer.
False. Possible explanation is there is not enough time for crystals to form.
True or False? Sedimentary rock cannot change into igneous rock. Explain your answer.
False. Sedimentary rock can melt into magma deep within the earth, which forms igneous rock when it cools.
Sandstone and slate are used for building, but these rocks have different properties. Which rock would you use for a roof? Which would you use for the walls of a building? Explain.
Possible answer: Slate is very hard and breaks off in flat pieces that are waterproof, making it a good choice for a roof. Sandstone does not break into thin sheets. It can be cut into blocks, making it suitable for the walls of a building.
What is the process by which rocks are slowly broken into smaller pieces called?
Weathering
What are natural features on Earth's surface called?
Landforms
What is the process of carrying away weathered bits of rock called?
Erosion
True or False? Landforms cause weathering. Explain your answer.
False. Weathering causes landforms.
True or False? Plants and animals can cause weathering. Explain your answer.
True. Animals and plants give off chemicals that can cause weathering.
Look carefully at the illustration. Why would you do this to a seashore?
People might build a barrier to help stop erosion.
What is a break or crack in rocks where Earth's crust can move suddenly called?
Fault
What is water covering normally dry land called?
Flood
What is a period of unusually low rain or snowfall called?
Drought
True or False? A volcanic eruption can rapidly change Earth's surface.
True
How are minerals classified?
Color, luster, hardness, streak, shape, and cleavage are some ways minerals can be classified.
What are minerals?
Natural, nonliving crystals that make up rocks.
How are rocks classified?
Igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic, based on how they form.
What can change rocks?
A cycle of heat, pressure, and chemical reactions can change rocks.
What is weathering?
When wind, water, ice, changes in temperature, and chemical changes can weather, or break down, rock.
What does erosion do?
Erosion carries weathered rock away.
Why can apatite scratch calcite?
Apatite is higher on the Mohs Scale, so it is harder.
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