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APWH Classical Civilizations Multiple Choice

Terms in this set (70)

Which of the following was a common problem for all three of the Eurasian classical civilizations?
A)Total loss of all elements of civilization
B)Outside invasions by nomadic pastoralists
C)Failure of the agricultural systems
D)Internal rebellion of peasants
Correct answer-B
Explanation- Huns caused the collapse of all of the Eurasian classical civilizations
Which of the emerging areas was NOT in contact with more established civilization centers and thus developed a less advanced material culture?
A)Polynesia
B)Northern Europe
C)Japan
D)Sub-Saharan Africa
A
Polynesia was not part of the Indian ocean trade network
Which of the following was not typical of the transmission of Chinese culture to Japan?
A)Transmission by merchants
B)transmission by students
C)transmission by buddhist monks
D)transmission by military conquest
D
Japan was never conquered before we conquered them (Matthew Perry)
What goods did the people of the savanna trade between the forest zone of the south and the Mediterranean
A)Iron to the forest zone in return for ivory
B)horses to the forest zone in return for iron tools
C)camels, sheep, and goats to the forest zone in return for food practice
D)salt to the forest zone in return for gold
D
there were no horses there and they already have food products
Rome paralleled Greece in all of the following ways except which of the following?
A)Economic Structure
B)the ability to establish a long-lasting empire
C)culture
D)politics
B
Greeks don't create a long lasting empire because they are not unified (city-states)
how did the topography of the Andean region influence the development of civilization?
A)the unsuitability of the Andean region for any form of agriculture limited the development of civilizations there
B)the existence of pastoral nomadism in the Andean region led to an impermanent population base, as on the fringes of Asian and Mediterranean civilizations
C)the arid coastal valleys demanded irrigation, and this spurred population growth and social complexity leading to the development of civilizations as in the early river-valley civilizations of Asia and the Middle East
D)the many flat plain provided ample opportunities for widespread development of sedentary agricultural communities
C
not A because there are some forms of agriculture not none
In what region was the culture of the Roman empire most continuous?
A)Byzantine empire
B)Sassanid empire
C)small kingdoms of northern Africa
D) Germanic kingdoms of northern europe
A
How was the social hierarchy of India transformed during the reign of the Guptas?
A)in general restrictions against low-caste groups and women became harsher and more persuasive
B)while restrictions against untouchables became more strict, women achieved greater equality during the Gupta period
C)brahmins and other upper-cast groups lost their clear social distinctiveness as Indian society became more open to social mobility
D) the castes were abandoned and replaced by the tripartite system of general varnas
A
women generally don't gain more rights as societies become more modern. Instead they often lose rights
Christianity emerged as a reform movement within what religion?
A)judaism
B)mithraism
C)zoroastrianism
D)buddhism
a
Which of the following statements most accurately compares the Greek religion to that of the Indian and Chinese civilization?
A)greek religion was a vastly more sophisticated belief based on moral precepts and a strong attachment to an afterlife
B)greek religion was more strongly spiritual than either the Indian or Chines religions
C)the greeks failed to develop religion of any kind
D)greek religion was derived from a belief in the spirits of nature elevated into a complex set of Gods
D
What determined a person's place within the Indian social hierarchy?
A)wealth
B)position within the government
C)the degree to which the occupation was considered pollution
D)his religous piety
C
A is kind of right but you would only have more power in your specific class not anywhere outside of that
Which classical civilization was first to decline?
A)Han China
B)Rome
C)Gupta India
D)they all declined at the same time
A
the huns caused the collapse of all of them and the Huns were the closest to China so it happened there first
what was the impact of the decline of classical civilizations on the major religions?
A)the major religions became more regionalized in specific civilizations
B)aside from the emergence of Islam, the other major religions suffered a decline
C)the major world religions actually spread to new areas in which beliefs and cultural allegiances took o n new territorial patterns
D)Hinduism and Daoism shared in the general decline of animist religions during the fall of the major civilizations
c
religion creates stablity for people whos government has just collapsed
the creation of agricultural surpluses resulted in
A)social stratification
B)an industrial revolution
C)matrilineal patterns of marriage
D)a lack of social stratification
A
surpluses=specialization=stratification
What was the attitude of Roman imperial administration to local governments within the empire?
A) local governments were replaced by military garrisons directly responsive to the central government
B)local governments were replaced by professional bureaucrats formally trained at imperial universities
C)local governments were handed over to relatives of teh imperial family who ruled as vassals of the empire
D)local governments were granted considerable autonomy, and in some cases whole kingdoms were preserved
D
not C because there would not be enough relatives of the family to rule all of Rome
the rationalization for the overthrow of the Shang based on the principle of divine judgment was called
a)Tian's justice
b)Judgement of the gods
c)the Divine Wind
d)the Mandate of Heaven
D
What was the chief religion of early Japan prior to the 5th century C.E.?
a)Shinto
b)Christianity
c)Islam
d)Buddhism
A
Shinto is Japan's major religion at this time
How did the classical civilizations' view of social organization differ from that of modern Western civilization?
a)Classical civilizations had poorly defined groupings
b)Classical civilizations felt that social mobility was critical to the well-being of the society
c)Modern societies are predicated on the social mobility based on talent and the work ethic]
d)Modern societies lack any kind of social groupings designed to imply status
C
What was the cause of the deteriorating condition of the peasantry in later Han China?
a) A lengthy drought that caused failure of the crops
b)The growth of slavery following the introduction of Buddhism
c)The growing power of the great landholders to tax leading to growing serfdom
d)Confucian acceptance of the enslavement of the small farmers
C
This same thing always happens in China
Which of the following statements about mobility within the social heiarchies of the classical civilizations is NOT correct?
a)Chinese social organization offered limited opportunities for social advancement through the university and examination system
b)Mediterranean social organizations emphasized aristocracy but recognized the importance of acquired wealth
c)Of the three classical civilizations, Roman social organization offered the most opportunity for mobility
d)India's caste system offered some opportunity for mobility in the sense that the status of entire castes occasionally rose and fell in the social order
D
not true because jatis move but not entire castes
The agricultural revolution allowed which of the following transformations of human culture to take place?
a)spread fo regularly cultivated fields
b)domestication of animals
c)development of towns
d)all of the above
D
Wich of the following is NOT a similarity between Christianity and Buddhism?
a)Both developed an important monastic movement
b)Both stressed the possibility of an afterlife
c)both accepted the existence of holy men who built up spiritual merits that could be tapped by other believers
d)both placed great emphasis on church organization and structure
D
Christianity does- Buddhism doesn't
According to Confucius, for what reason should superior men rule?
a)To enrich their families and earn distinction
b)To establish the glory of the emperor
c)To establish the glory of the regional aristocracy
d)To serve society as a whole
D
the point of Confucius is to have your place in society and know it and not go away from it and not A because Confucian is not about wealth and distinction
Which of the following is NOT a Buddhist challenge to the authority of the Brahmins?
A)the Buddha favored introspection and self-mastery over ritual and sacrifice
b)the Buddha rejected the Vedas as divinely inspired teaching
c)the Buddha rejected both karma and reincarnation
d)the Buddha rejected the lifestyles of the brahmins based on worldly power and authority
C
it is not a challenge to the Brahmins
What was the status of women during the Han dynasty?
a)women enjoyed equal status with males during the Han dynasty
b)despite the Confucian requirement for female deference to males, women during the Han had more freedom than during later dynasties
c)despite the confucian requirements for male deference to females, women had less freedom than during later dynasties
d)the demeaned status of women was represented by their inability to share in family property
D
what was the Roman imperial government's attitude towards Christianity?
a)the Roman government systematically persecuted Christians on a constant basis until the 4th century C.E.
b)the roman government embraced Christianity as the official state religion in the 2nd century C. E.
c)while some emperors chose to persecute the Christians, persecution was not constant
d)there were no persecutions of the Christians as the official policy of the Roman empire was religious toleration
C
because it was never the state religion it was one of many religions in the empire
why was the organization of the Christian church stronger in the western half of the Roman empire?
a)there were many more Christians there than in the eastern half of the empire
b)christianity began and enjoyed its initial success in the western half of the empire
c)the western emperors were more focused on spreading christianity through the use of the sword
d)the church was more centralized in the west, eventually in the person of the pope
D
how did Greek and Chinese civilization differ?
a)the chines forms of political organization were generally less centralized than those of Greek civilization
b)the chinese were unable to develop sophisticated philosophical systems of thought
c)the greeks were unable to develop sophisticated philosophical systems of thought
d)the greek forms of political organization were generally less "tidy" than those of Chinese civilization
D
which of the following most accurately describes Confucius?
A)an active administrator and advisor
b)a religious teacher similar to the Jewish prophets and Buddha
c)Emperor
d)a social philosopher obsessed with the need for order and harmony
D
which of the following statements about early Buddhism in China is most accurate?
a)the chines imposed some of their own values on Buddhism such as the importance of maintaining families and political loyalty to the state
b) the Indian Buddhist who entered China separated themselves from Chines traditions and established regional communities that remained independent of the Chines state
c)chines buddhism bore no resemblance to Indian Buddhism
d)Daoists saw the emergence of Chines buddhism as an opportunity to overthrow the fundamental trend in China toward confucianism
A
religions always synchronize with other traditions when they move into a new civilization
africa role in trade during the Classical period was
a)that it was often in contact with other civilizations in cultures
b)intermittent and indirect
c)as the sole provider of slaves
d)without valued and important trade goods as everyone was seeking East Asian goods
A
not B because they are part of the sand roads and the indian ocean trade network
if the appeal to a supernatural source of power enhanced the authority of a ruler, what was its chief drawback?
a)it also strengthened the class of priests who came to dominate the royal courts
b)it established that the supreme political authority was granted by the ruler's vassals
c)it tied the rulers to an increasingly conservative religion in the face of aggressive demands for religious reform
d)it implied that rulers who failed in their duties had lost their supernatural support and could be overthrown
d
which animal was found in the Andean region?
a)llamas
b)buffalo
c)horses
d)sheep
a
in hunting and gathering bands, labor
a)was shared equally by all members of the group
b) fell entirely to dominant males within the group
c)was divided according to gender
D) fell entirely to females within the group
c
women gather and men would hunt
which of the following was NOT an impact of the Greek invasion of northwestern India
a)ut stimulated trade between Indian and the west
b)greek astronomical and mathematical ideas entered India
c)indian religious philosophy impacted the Stoics and mystery religions of western civilizations
d)a centralized greek state was created that dominated the Indus river valley for four centuries
D
India wasn't conquered and all of the other things happened when Greek invaded
the term fro family descent and inheritance traced through the female line is
a)matrilineal
b)matrilocal
c)patrilineal
d)patrilocal
A
which of the following was a general tendency during the spread of the world's great religions at the end of the classical period?
a)the adoption of pantheons of gods
b)the abandonment of formal theology
c)disbelief in the existence of an afterlife
d)concentration of a sing divine force as opposed to a host of divine spirits
d
all of the following factors may have led to the adoption of sedentary agriculture EXCEPT
a)less labor was required for sedentary agriculture than for hunting and gathering
b)climatic changes leading to changes in the grazing locations of game animals
c)climatic changes leading to changes in plant ecology
d)an increase in human population
a
the greatest challenge to sedentary agriculture was a form of social organization based on intensive herding known as
a)hunting and gathering
b)pastoralism
C)civilization
d)bands
b
how did the emergence of Buddhism in China affect Daoism?
a)daoism merged with Buddhism to create a single religious movement
daoism rapidly disappeared following the appearance of Buddhism
c)the appearance of Buddhism led to greater formalization of Daoist doctrine and more efforts to reach the common people
d)daoism became an illegal religion and the Chinese state moved rapidly to suppress various daoist rituals, particularly those dealing with magic and healing
c
not a because they merged in some ways but they were still separate religions not B because it was still there- mainly the upper class retained daoism
what was the roman empire's attitude toward extension of citizenship?
a)unlike the republic, the empire extended citizenship to important groups outside of Rome and the Italian peninsula
b)like the republic, the empire restricted citizenship to the original tribes of the city of rome
c)the empire extended citizenship to the allies of the Italian peninsula, but no farther
d)the citizenship of the Roman empire was actually smaller than that of the republic
A
the republic was not as tolerant as the empire
agricultural systems in the middle east, china and the Americas were all
a) based on the same grains wheat and barley
b)based on a combination of domesticated plants and animals
C)based on different domesticated plants in each region
d)dependent on pastoral forms of social organization
c
what economic factor weakened the hold of buddhism on the Indian population?
a)the improving status of the peasantry made them less likely to be interested in a salvationist religion
b)the untouchables were decimated by a severe famine, thus removing a class associated with Buddhism
c)the failure of the rome-china trade axis weakened the merchants, who had been one of the chief benefactors of the Buddhist monasteries
d) the increasing wealth of all social classes reduced the strictness of social division within the caste system and undermined one of the attractions of Buddhism
c
which of the following statements concerning the geography of Africa is most correct?
a)it lies in the tropics and contains mostly rain forests with the exception of the Sahara desert
b)it lies mostly in the tropics but its surface is covered mainly by savannas, arid plains, and deserts.
c)it lies primarily within temperate climatic zones, and consists mainly of grassy plains broken by occasional mountain ranges
d)despite its location in a temperate zone, most of Africa is desert
B
Africa is very diverse
what was significance of the Japanese adoption of Chines script?
a)the Japanese were able for the first time to develop iron metallurgy
b)the Japanese were able to conquer the Chines
c)the Yamato were able to build a true bureaucracy and establish their control over vassal clan heads
d) the adoption of chinese script made it easier for the Chines to conquer japan
C
the concept of "barbarians"
a)was strictly a chines idea
b) was only developed in the nineteenth-century European culture
c)was commonly used to distinguish between cosmopolitan, urban-focoused cultures and nomadic peoples
d)was dropped in modern cultures
c
racial concepts of civilizations were utilized to justify
a)ninteenth-century imperialism
b)the establishment of the Shang dynasty in China
c) the roman empire
d)the enslavement of conquered peoples in the ancient world
a
not c because it was based on citizenship not race
not d because they will enslave anyone
which of the following heritages of the Mediterranean classical civilization had the least impact on successive western civilizations?
a)traditions of science and philosophy
b)political theory and definition of citizenship
C)christianity
d)the dominant Greco-Roman religion
d
during the republican era, what was the typical attitude of the Romans toward areas conquered outside of Italy?
a)residents were made full citizens of Rome
b)all residents were reduced to slavery
c)opponents of Roman rule were punished severely and there were repeated atrocities
d)treatment of conquered territories int eh eastern mediterranean was brutal, but treatment of those in the western mediterranean resulted in grants of citizenship
b
what was the status of buddhism in India following the fall of the Gupta empire?
a)it continued to decline in the face of the Gupta preference for Hinduism and the dislike of the succeeding military rulers for Buddhist principles
b)buddhism declined, but retained a presence in Indian because it was adopted by many of the Hunnic invaders
c)buddhism was resurrected a sa major religion in India because it was adopted by many of the regional leaders who sought to buttress their authority
d)Buddhism replaced Hinduism as the primary religion of the Indian pop
A
the gupta empire was Hindu focused
what was the source of domesticated animals in africa?
a)africans domesticated cattle, horses, goats, and sheep native to the continent
b)most large mammals of Africa were unsuitable for domestication and African agriculture was largely without a pastoral element
c)cattle, sheep, goats, and the camel were introduced to Africa from the western mediterranean
d)cattle, sheep, goats and the camel were introduced from western Asia
D
not a because horses were not native to Africa
not b because the Bantu were pastoralists
not C because camel are not from the western Mediterranean
which of the following statements best describes the political philosophy of Shi Huangdi and his government?
a)they wer opposed to any political philosophies other than the officially approved legalist doctrines
b)the Qin government was essentially Daoist
c)Shi Huangdi and his advisors followed the political philosophy of Mencius, one of Confucian's disciples
d)Shi Huandgdi's government applied the concepts of many political philosophies including confucianism and Daoism
A
the Qin dynasty was focused on Legalism
which of the following statements most accurately describes the geography of Mesoamerica?
a)most of the region is desert with a small tropical zone in the sought
b)from the tropical lowlands of the north the land falls again to an arid zone in the south
c)Mesoamerica is a complex patchwork of zones that are divided vertically into cooler highlands, tropical lowlands and coasts, and an intermediate temperate zone
d)most of the region is a flat featureless plain covered by a virtually impenetrable sod
A
Mexico is a dessert- Costa Rica is tropical
what was one of the major differences between the resources available in the Americas and those in the Mediterranean?
a)American Indians domesticated plants whose caloric output was greater than any of the grains raised in Europe or Asia
b)American civilization never developed the means to construct the types of monumental architecture found in other civilizations
c)American civilization had greater access to animal power than did the civilizations of the Old World
d)due to the difficult topography in which they developed, American civilizations did not establish sedentary agriculture
a
which of the following activities was NOT practiced by Buddhsit monks following the conversion of the Japanese?
a)monks served as advisors to the emperor and regional lords
b)monks stressed scriptural passages that supported rule by a strong monarch through a centralized state
c)monks introduced the Chines chronicles as a model for the first histories of Japan
d)monks destroyed the Shinto shrines that had existed throughout Japan
B
monks were warrior like
the people responsible for the great population movement that originated in eastern Nigeria in West Africa and spread throughout the continent were the
a)almoravids
b)bantu
c)Masai
d) maori
B
not A because they are Islamic
not c because they are in the Sahara dessert and are Pastoralists so tend to stay in a similar area where agriculture is not possible
not d because in new zealand
what was the impact of the reassertion of HInduism under the Gupta on the caste system of India?
a)the caste system was abolished
b)the caste system remained important and unchanged
c) the caste system was restricted to northern India
d)the cast system became more complex
d
Gupta had a focus on the caste system and the caste system always overtime becomes more correct
which of the following statements concerning the relationship of civilization and writing is correct?
a)writing allowed for the keeping of complex records and the establishment of formal bureaucracies
b)writing was more important to the development of civilization than sedentary agriculture
c)most civilizations developed without writing
d)no sophisticated civilizations developed without a system of writing
a
nto d because the Mongols and Incans did it
which philopshopher said, "I take no action and the people are reformed. I enjoy peace and the people become honest. I do nothing and people become rich. I have no desires and people return to the good and simple life"?
a)Confucius
b)buddha
c)christ
d)Laozi
D
not B because Buddha takes action and Doaism is supposed to take no action
not only did the expansion of slavery in Rome lead to the decline of the free farmers but also it influenced the growth of
a)the military
b)technological development in agriculture
c)a professionalized bureaucracy
d)technological development in manufacturing
a
How did the gupta empire compare in terms of political organization to the Maurya empire?
a)their domains were not nearly as large, nor ddi they exercise such centralized control over the petty states
b)the gupta empire was much larger than the Mauryan and also more centralized
c)the gupta empire was based on the concept of linked city states unlike the republican basis of the mauryan empire
d)the gupta emperors possessed a much more professionalized bureaucracy on the model of the chinese scholar gentry
C
gupta empire was decentralized
not a because Gupta was slightly bigger than Gupta
which of the following statements best expresses one of the most distinctive similarities of Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations?
a)both were strongly stratified with distinctive classes of nobles, priests, peasants and slaves
b)both had religions that featured emphasis on preparation for and rituals relation the the afterlife
c)both featured strong regional government at the expense of city-states
d)neither culture was able to achieve advances in science and technology
A
not B because Mesopotamia doesn't focus on afterlife
which of the following was NOT a result of the imperial expansion of the Roman republic?
a)new trade and wealth enriched the upper classes and opened a gulf between rich and poor
b)it became increasingly difficult to manage rome's balanced republican constitution
c)slavery increased
d) central Italy became increasingly devoted to the commercial production of grain
D
which of the following was NOT a problem in the process of decline within the Roman empire?
a)a series of plagues
b)lead poisoning
c)rising population leading to food shortages
d)increasing burdens on state's budget leading to greater taxation
b
Rome had internal plumbing that was made of lead pipe
which of the following statements concerning the original social and economic organization of the early Bantu is NOT correct?
a)the depended on agriculture and fishing
b) they domesticated goat sand perhaps cattle
c)they lived in large temple complexes featuring monumental architecture with ceremonial purposes
d)they organized their society around kinship groups
c
c is not true because it was the early Bantu-but they eventually did that
what was the nature of the economy during the Gupta period?
a)the continued prosperity of the China-Rome axis allowed the continued development of international trade
b)the indian economy entered a period of severe depression during which most trade and manufacturing ceased
c)although the China-Rome trade axis declined, India remained the hub of the great indian ocean trading network
d)technological crudity limited the ability of Indian manufacturing and agricultural productivity to expand
A or C
can be either because no specific time frame is given
if earlier would be C
if later would be D
Which of the following was NOT a disadvantage for Americans when they eventually did come in contact with other civilizations?
a)a simple material culture poor in metallurgical and weapon-making skills
b)a lack of large mammals as a protein source and a power source
c)an isolation form diseases common to Europeans, thus lack of immunities
d)a failure to develop sophisticated political systems
d
because they really did
how did the change in the agricultural economy affect the balance of political power at the end of the Roman empire?
a)it gave political power to the landlords but weakened the hold of the emperor
b)small independent farmers were able to restore their political influence at the expense of the central government
C)the emperors were able to establish almost absolute political control because of the failure of the large landholders
d)the reduction in the number of slaves weakened the large landholders who lost political influence to both the central government and the small independent farmers
D
which of the following statements concerning Hawaiian social and political organization in the 5th century Ce is most correct?
a)the Hawaiians were able to form a centralized monarchy under an autocratic ruler by 700 C.E.
b)Hawaiian society was essentially a society of equals with ritual authority with ritual authority being granted to a single shaman
d)Hawaiian society failed to progress beyond the level of hunting and gathering band
b
which of the following statements about the Indian Ocean Trade Network, in the 5th century, is NOT true?
a)there were diasporatic communities of merchants living in most civilizations connected with the trade routes
c)Rome was an important trade partner
d)Chines products drove all trade as they were the most deftly manufactured
D
because China did not drive all trade just most
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