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Bio ch 28, 29, 30, 31 practice test questions missed

Terms in this set (30)

In the hierarchy of biological organization, the shoot is_____________
a system--

the shoot system consists of leaves, stems, flowers
a root hair is_____________
an extension of an individual epidermal cell on the root surface that absorbs water from soil
What is the difference between the root epidermis and the shoot epidermis?
only the shoot epidermis produces a waxy cuticle--

the hairs that extend from the cells of the root epidermis are specialized for the absorption of water and minerals; while the epidermal cells of the shoot secrete a waxy coating, called a cuticle, that prevents dehydration
collenchyma cells can be recognized by____________
their unevenly thickened cell walls--

collenchyma cells have thicker cell wall ehan parenchyma cells, though the walls are unevenly thickened
most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in specialized__________cells called the____________
parenchyma ... mesophyll--

parenchyma cells carry out most of the plant's metabolic functions, such as photosynthesis
the layer that covers the apical meristem of a root is called the___________
root cap--

the root cap covers the root apical meristem and is involved in sensing the direction of gravity so the root grows downward
lateral roots in seed plants are initiated by cell division is the_________
pericycle--

the pericycle is a layer of cells that may become meristematic and begin dividing, giving rise to lateral roots
annual rings in wood are evidence that in climates with a single annual growing season, the_____________divides actively when water is plentiful and temps are suitable for growth, and ceases to divide when water is scarce and the weather is cold
vascular cambium
cell division would occur least frequently in which of these tissues?
epidermis--

the epidermis produced by primary growth dries and falls off the stem during secondary growth
which of the following is true for a plant that is wilting?
the pressure potential in the xylem will be more negative than in a turgid plant--

except when there is root pressure, the pressure potential in xylem is always negative. the greater the tension, the more negative the pressure
water molecules cross a plasma membrane of a plant cell due to___________
aquaporins, diffusion, transport proteins, increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+
The continuum of cell walls connecting neighboring cells is defined as the ___________
apoplast
when you add "plant food" to your potted geraniums, you are actually providing the plant with__________
minerals--

of the essential nutrients required by plants, most are minerals
which of the following is true of mycorrhizae?
arbuscular mycorrhizae do not have a dense mantel ensheathing roots--

a microscope is needed to see the fine fungal hyphae that extend from the root into the soil
in a plant root, the one cell type in which water CANNOT move via the apoplast is the___________
endodermis--

within the wall of each endodermal cell is the Casparian strip, a band of waxy material that blocks the passage of water and dissolved minerals
which of the following conditions will result in the fastest transport through the xylem in a tree, assuming adequate water supply in the roots
negative pressure potential in the leaf mesophyll
when sugar is transported in plants, ______________
roots and leaves may act as both sources and sinks
In the alternation of generations in plants, __________________
the gametes are produced by the gametophyte through mitosis and cellular differentiation
a generative cell and a tube cell originate when______________
a microspore undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis--

through mitosis and cytokinesis, two separate cells are produced that make up the pollen grain
what are the results of the first mitotic division in a plant zygote?
basal cell and terminal cell--

terminal cell gives rise to most of the embryo. basal cell continues to divide, producing the suspensor that anchors the embryo to the parent plant
which portion of an embryonic plant consists of the shoot tip with a pair of miniature leaves?
epicotyl
what is the correct definition of an aggregate fruit?
a fruit that results from a single flower that has more than one carpel, each forming a small fruit
how do most flowering plants avoid self-fertilization?
they have self-incompatibility and reject their own pollen--

self-incompatibility is the most common anti-selfing mechanism
a botanist had an apple tree in his yard that produced eight different varieties of apple. This tree was most likely produced by___________
grafting scions of different varieties onto the same root stock--

grafting is an asexual means of combining one or more different shoot phenotypes on a single root stock
the abscission layer___________
is where a leaf separates from a stem
in the autumn, the amount of____________decreases, rendering the cells of the abscission layer more sensitive to__________
auxin ... ethylene--

the decrease in auxin results in the promotion of leaf abscission by ethylene
An Alaskan trapper worried about being attacked by grizzly bears left the lights on in his cabin all the time. Plants just outside the cabin flowered a month early. Which of the following best explains this?
they must have been long-day plants--

long-day (short-night) plants can be stimulated to flower by specific periods of uninterrupted exposure to darkness
the production of organic solutes by plants is a response to___________
salt stress--

many plants can respond to soil salinity by producing organic compounds that keep the water potential more negative inside the plant than outside in the soil solution
which of the following describes a plant's response to heat stress?
production of heat-shock proteins and closing of stomata
increasing the cytoplasmic levels of specific well-tolerated solutes, such as sugars, helps a plant to cope with_____________
cold stress--

the solutes help reduce the loss of water from the cell during extracellular freezing
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