American History - Chapter 2

Terms in this set (46)

Identify the demographic shifts and technological innovations of the 15th century that allowed Europeans to explore regions outside their own continent?

Black Death, compasses, hourglasses, astrolabe, quadrants, caravels, and the moveable type

What ideological changes in European culture influenced Europeans ability to perceive the possibility of exploration?

The end of the Reconquista

Why did European exploration expand dramatically in the 15th century?

Trade with Asia began; new desires to get to Asia faster

What Europeans had explored regions outside Europe before 1492?

Africa and Asia

What was the significance of Columbus's voyage?

He was the first to sail west to get to Asia, discovered the New World.

Name the countries of the "East Indies".

India, Indonesia, and China

Define "caravel" & discuss its importance in Portuguese exploration

A fast, sturdy ship
Portuguese sailors sailed around Africa in these

List the consequences of the Portuguese exploration of Africa during the 15th century.

It broke the monopoly of the old Mediterranean trade with the East
Dramatically expanded the world
Established Portuguese trade post in Asia and Africa
Developed new methods of sailing

Explain how competing Spanish and Portuguese claims to the New World were settled.

Treaty of Tordesillas
An imaginary line west of the Canary Islands
West of line = Spain
East of line = Portugal

How did "America" get its name?

German Cartographer, Martin Waldsemuller, named it in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

What was the significance of Magellan's voyage of 1500?

Circumnavigated the globe
Sailed all the way around South America onto the Pacific Ocean.

Define and give examples of the "Colombian Exchange"

Transatlantic trade of goods, people, and ideas
Tobacco, Slaves, and Christianity

Analyze how Hernando Cortes and his small army were able were able to conquer the vast and powerful Mexica Empire

Took Montemuza hostage;used locals to reinforce troops, and to strategize; mass murder of Mexica's

Locate the 2 geographic regions of greatest wealth in Spanish America.

Mexico (Aztecs)
Peru (Incas)

Name the great Portuguese colony in the Western Hemisphere.

Define the "Royal Fifth"

One-fifth of any loot confiscated from a civilization was taken by the crown

Define encomienda, identify its goal, and explain how it worked

Empowers the conquistadors to rule the Indians
To use Indian power but still provide for them
The Indians would work as laboreres, and the Spanish would provide for their needs

Describe the social class hierarchy the developed in new Spain

Peninsulares (People born on the Iberian Peninsula)
Creoles (Born in New World)
Mestizos (Spanish Man + Indian Woman

What was the demographic impact of the European diseases on Native Americans by 1570.

Their population had fallen 90% from when Columbus arrived

Why were Martin Luther's religious ideas considered "dangerous" by defenders of the Catholic Church?

Church officials and monarchs like Charles V believed that just as the church spoke for God, they ruled for God.

Accidentally discovered Brazil while sailing around Africa looking for Indies

Prince Henry the Navigator

School for Navigators
Collected latest techniques in navigation & geography

Bartolomeu Dias

Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope showing we could get to East

Sailed around India around Africa
Returned with spices worth 60 times cost of trip

Amerigo Vespucci

First to recognize and popularize North America as new continent

Christopher Columbus

Explored Atlantic Ocean & Caribbean area, Hispanola

Discovered the Pacific Ocean

Discovered Florida looking for the "Fountain of Youth"

Conquered the Aztec Empire & brought much gold to Spain

First to circumnavigate the globe (died in Philippines)

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Explored North American Great Plains & Southwest

looking for gold discovered Mississippi River

Francisco Pizzaro

Conquered the Inca Empire in Peru & brought much gold to Spain

Lucas Vazquez de Allon

Explored North America coast from North Florida to South Carolina
Founded small non permanent settlement on Georgia Coast

Hernando de Soto

Explored Southeastern North America looking for riches in America

Juan Rodrigues Cabrillo

Explored the California coast

Pedro Menendez de Aviles

Founded St. Augustine, florida

Tried to establish a settlement in northern New Mexico

Explored the Atlantic Coast of North America & sailed into NY Harbor

Discovered & sailed up the St. Lawrence River

Explored New England, New York, eastern Canada, & settlement at Quebec

Explored NY harbor & Hudson River

Discovered Labrabor & explored parts of NE coast of North America

2nd Expedition to circumnavigate the globe & pirated Spanish gold

Looked for NW passage & charted Arctic waters bordering NE Canada

Martin Waldseemuller

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