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US History Honors Midterms Mrs. D'Urso

Terms in this set (38)

TITILE: American Industry/ Immigration
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Social Darwinism
Philosophy that andrew carnagie prompted based off of charles darwin's theory of evolution. Used it to argue that in business, as in nature, unrestricted competition allowed only the fittest to survive. This theory was unreliable, and inconsistent.
Political Bosses/ Machines
Political bosses assisted the poor, in return community members voted for who they were told. Political machines were the organizations run by bosses, and they provided services the community needed.
Boss Tweed
Political boss that held significant power in new york. He had a seat on New Yorks Board of supervisors. By gaining the seat he embezzled millions of dollars.
William Jennings Bryan
Ran and won the presidency in 1896, he instantly became a favorite after his crown of gold speech. Democrats took over the leading issue of "free silver" from the populous movement, they ran a "fused" campaign.
Plessy v. Ferguson
This was a case which ruled the federal government was not required to maintain social equality. Established "separate but equal". Set back civil rights gains made during reconstruction.
Andrew Carnegie
Industrialist, and philanthropist. One of the richest americans in history. He promoted social darwinism. Dubbed his beliefs the "gospel of wealth". Believed that hard work lead to wealth.
John D. Rockefeller
Founder of Standard oil, another one of the most wealthy individuals in history, he used illegal business tactics like monopolizing to gain an advantage.
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Prohibited chinese immigration to the U.S. this was the first major act to restrict immigration based on race/nationality. They did this because of pressure from western states during the mining boom.
Jacob Riis
American muckraker who shocked america with his vivid descriptions of life in the slums. Wrote, "How The Other Half Lives"
"The Jungle" Upton Sinclair
This book depicted the lives of lower class workers in the meat packing industry. This book is responsible for the creation of the FDA.
Muckraker
Given the name by teddy roosevelt, these were individuals who informed the public about politics. They could also be called investigative reporters.
(TITLE) Progressives/ American Imperialism
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Theodore Roosevelt
Set the progressive movement into motion, he used the sherman anti trust act successful on monopolies, desired the preservation of natural resources. He also negotiated labor conflicts.
Women's Suffrage
A time of activism and a new generation of feminists. Women took to the streets with pickets, protests, and hunger strikes. Eventually they persuaded congress for the vote ratifying the 19th amendment.
Conservation
Roosevelt was an advocate for environment conservation. He set aside federal land for national reserves, and hosted conferences to raise awareness and funds.
Roosevelt Corollary/Monroe Doctrine
Monroe doctrine blocked expansion of europe into western hemisphere, roosevelt corollary stated that if any latin country participated in " chronic wrongdoing" they would face american military intervention.
Big Stick Policy
Teddy roosevelt's aggressive policy on foreign engagement. "Speak softly and carry a big stick". Acted boldey and decisively. Wanted to build U.S. reputation.
USS Maine
The USS Maine was an American ship that sank in the Havana Harbor in February 1898. Due to yellow journalism, it was quickly marketed as a Spanish attack on the US. This increased tensions against between the US and Spain.
Yellow Journalism
Types of writing which dramaticized facts, and emphasizes eye catching events. Yellow journalists where quick to throw accusations at spain during the spanish american war. They swayed the public opinion in favor of the war.
Spanish-American War
War which began with cuba's struggle for independence. The cause of american entering into the war in unclear, but the war resulted in america gaining territories in western pacific and latin america. Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Open Door Policy
The idea that all countries would have equal trading opportunities in china. The nations that responded did so vaguely, and Hay assumed they accepted.
(TITLE) WW1
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Isolationism
Theory to isolate one's country from foreighn affairs. After the war many citizens believed this was a good philosophy to follow. The theory suggests the U.S. would not enter alliances, make economic commitments, or devote extraneous resources to other countries.
League of Nations
This is an intergovernmental group formed after WWI. It is a forum for governments to settle disputes. Its goal was to prevent war from breaking out again.
Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty that ended the war between Germany and the allied powers. Germany had to pay war reparations, they were also forced to downsize their militaries. The most significant treaty in WWI.
Woodrow Wilson
When war broke out he initially declared neutrality. Wilson wanted to settle conflict. However it was apparent the U.S. favored England. Germans eventually began attacking civilian ships (Luscitania). The Zimmerman telegraph was what pushed the public to favor going to war, ultimately influencing Wilson.
Schenck v. United States
Schenck is sued gov because he spoke out against the war. Sentenced to prison time for being a treasonist. U.S. says you are wrong, and your speech creates clear and present anger, americans think they can say whatever they want. Supreme court says that they are saying things which put the american public at risk.
Kellogg Briand Pact
An act women took the lead in gaining which renounced the aggressive use of force to achieve national ends. Ultimately proved ineffective.
(TITILE) 1920s
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Harlem Renaissance
Largest african american community in the north. In harlem New York. Had talented actors, artist, musicians, and writers. This period in time in dubbed the "Harlem Renaissance" because of their achievements.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Two italian immigrants who were convicted of robbery and murder. Liberals protested the ruling saying they were innocent and had been treated unfairly because they were immigrants.
John Scopes
He was a teacher from Tennessee who volunteered to be a test case against the state when they passed a law forbidding the teachings of evolution in school.
Prohibition
Wanted to maintain sober workforce. Prohibited manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Rural reformers- for prohibition
Urban - little sympathy for temperance movement
Flapper
Women who "rebelled" against society. Wore dresses cut at the knee, bobbed their hair, smoking, and driving. Very independent.
The Sexual Revolution
Challenged societal view on women and their roles. Created the "New Woman". Made women more confident in themselves and their bodies.
Progressive Reforms by Theodore Roosevelt
Square deal for labor: favoring neither business or labor, tried to mediate a strike by calling a coal union leader and coal mine owners to white house to meditate. He persuaded owners to except changes.
Trust-busting: enforced sherman antitrust act, made a distinction between 'bad trusts' and 'good trusts'.
Railroad regulation: took the initiative to regulate railway rates
Consumer protection: Pure food and drug act, Meat inspection act
Conservation: Conserving natural habitats
American Imperialism
Big Ideas: spanish american war- in the caribbean area, specifically Cuba: American investors in cuban products, mixing with spanish misrule and the monroe doctrine provided jurisdiction for U.S. intervention
Industrialization: in late 19th century america became involved in foreighn affairs more prominently to gain natural resources.
Some individuals believed that the U.S. needed to be more imperialistic.
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