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Biology in Focus Chapter 3

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Organic Molecule

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Terms in this set (57)

Organic Molecule

A molecule containing carbon, and usually hydrogen as well.

An element that forms the basis for many of the molecules critical to life, due to its ability to make four covalent bonds

Carbon Skeleton

A structure containing rings, branches, or double bonds, which is made of carbon and forms the basis for an organic molecule.

A molecule which consists solely of carbon and hydrogen, and stores a great amount of energy as a result. They are hydrophobic due to their nonpolar covalent bonds

A group with chemical formula -OH. Compounds including it are known as alcohols. It can act as a functional group and is hydrophilic.

A chemical group with formula =C=O. Chemicals containing it are known as ketones if the group is within the skeleton, and aldehydes if the group is the end of the skeleton.It can act as a functional group and is hydrophilic.

A chemical group with formula -COOH. Chemicals including it are known as carboxylic or organic acids. It can act as a functional group and is hydrophilic. It can also become COO- at cellular pH.

A chemical group with formula -NH2. It helps form amines/amino acids. It can act as a functional group and is hydrophilic. It can also become NH3+ at cellular pH.

Sulfhydryl Group

A chemical group with the formula -SH. Chemicals including it are known as thiols. It can act as a functional group.

Phosphate Group

A chemical group with formula PO4 (2-) which contains one phosphorus double bonded with one oxygen and also single bonded with three oxygen anions. It forms organic phosphates such as ATP. It can act as a functional group and is hydrophilic.

A chemical group with the formula -CH3. Chemicals including it are called methylated compounds.

Functional Group

A chemical group on an organic molecule that affects reactions involving the molecule directly.

A molecule that consists of adenosine and three phosphate groups. When one is hydrolyzed, much energy is released and ADP is formed, but when ADP becomes ATP by dehydration reactions, energy is used. It is used as a carrier of potential energy within cells.

Long molecules consisting of similar or identical subunits.

The chemicals that form the subunits of polymers.