PT 847 Independent Review

blood supply to the brain is blocked or when a vessel bursts, depriving the brain of oxygen. Lack of oxygen and nutrients causes brain cells to die
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Terms in this set (30)
blood supply to the brain is blocked or when a vessel bursts, depriving the brain of oxygen. Lack of oxygen and nutrients causes brain cells to die
What is stroke?
circulation occluded due to clot or blockage
What is ischemic?
circulation impaired due to bleeding from ruptured vessel
What is hemorrhagic?
1. temporary interruption of brain blood supply
2. focal neurological dysfunction short duration, not permanent
3. last several minutes to several hours (no more than 24 hours)
4. warning sign for CVA, MI
What is a transient ischemic attack? (4)
1. blood clot forms within cerebral arteries or branches
2. atherosclerosis major factor (plaque formation-progressive narrowing)
3. occlusion-ischemia-infarction (tissue death)
What is thrombosis? (3)
1. blood clot, fat, air, bacteria from one part of body travels to cerebral vessels
2. valvular disease, MI, congenital heart disease, arrhythmias
What is cerebral embolus? (2)
about 40% of patients and increases risk in stroke
In what percentage is patent foramen ovale present?
1. interruption of blood flow
2. focal infarction and ischemia
3. triggers release of chemicals (causing damage and irreversible effects) target of new drugs - TPA
4. further neuronal death - within hours
5. extension of infarct
6. widespread tissue necrosis and rupture of cell membranes
7. cerebral edema (within hours of insult-max: 4 days; gradually subsides at 3 weeks)
8. elevates intracranial pressure
9. shifts brain structures
What is the pathophysiology of thrombus/embolus? (9)
1. bleeding within cerebral vessels
2. vessel ruptures and bleeds into brain
3. lack of blood flow to brain
4. pressure on brain from blood in area
5. hypertensive disease - major factor in non traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage
What is intracerebral hemorrhage? (5)
bleeding into subarachnoid space can be spontaneous or trauma
What is subarachnoid hemorrhage?
congenital aneurysm of cerebral vesselWhat is berry aneurysm?embryonic development form mass of tangled arteries and veinsWhat is arteriovenous malformations?including middle cerebral anterior cerebral and posterior cerebralWhat is included in. the carotid artery system?1. supply blood to most of the cerebral. hemispheres via the middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery 2. deep branches supply subcortical regions-basal ganglia and thalamusWhat are the external and internal carotid arteries? (2)1. opthalamic artery 2. middles cerebral and anterior cerebralWhere can carotid artery strokes take place? (2)1. ipsilateral monocular vision loss 2. homonymous hemianopsia 3. fleeting blindnessWhat impairments are possible with a stroke in the ophthalmic artery? (3)cerebral edema and deathWhat happens if a stroke occurs in both the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery?lateral surface of: 1. frontal lobes 2. temporal lobes 3. parietal lobesWhat locations of the brain are affected with a middle cerebral artery stroke? (3)1. homonymous hemianopsia 2. mostly contralateral UE sensory and motor deficits (also face) 3. aphasia (if dominant hemisphere - L) 4. apraxia 5. unilateral neglect 6. problems looking across midlineWhat are possible impairments with a stroke in the middle cerebral artery? (6)1. basal ganglia 2. internal capsule 3. corona radiateWhat structures are affected with a stroke occurring in the deep branches of the middle cerebral artery? (3)small vessel disease deep in the cerebral white matter associated with hypertension, diabetic microvascular diseaseWhat occurs with lacunar syndrome?1. anterior surface of the frontal lobe 2. medial surfaces of the frontal lobe 3. medial surface of the parietal lobesWhat structures are possibly damaged with a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery?1. apraxia 2. confusion 3. aphasia (if dominant) 4. hemiplegia: LE contralateral sensory and motor deficits 5. urinary incontinence 6. dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) 7. clinical depressionWhat are possible impairments with a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery? (7)Progressive Contralateral: 1. hemiplegia 2. quadriplegia 3. bulbar paralysis 4. coma 5. locked in syndrome anarthria - can't talkWhat are possible impairments with a bilateral vertebrobasilar stroke? (5)1. occipital lobes (posterior cerebral artery) 2. cerebellum 3. brainstem 4. thalamus 5. posterior lateral thalamusWhat areas can a vertebrobasilar stroke occur? (5)1. visual field deficits - bilateral heminopsia, diplopia, agnosia 2. dyslexia 3. sensory deficits (pain, dysesthesia)What impairments can be seen with a stroke in occipital lobe? (3)1. ataxia 2. disequilibriumWhat impairments can be seen in a stroke in the cerebellum? (2)1. cranial nerve impairment 2. dysphagia 3. dysarthriaWhat impairments can be seen in a stroke in the brainstem? (3)1. loss of coordination or balance 2. numbness, tingling, facial paralysis, double vision, dropping eyelids 3. headaches 4. nausea, vomitting 5. difficulty speaking, swallowing, reading and writingWhat impairments can be seen in a stroke in the thalamus?1. contraversive pushing 2. shaman and scheets perceptual deficitWhat impairments are seen with a stroke in the posterior lateral thalamus? (2)