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PLT Praxis Principles of Learning and Teaching K-6

Terms in this set (41)

Bandura
Social Learning Theory- Learn by observing- Modeling- learning through other's experiences
Bruner
Discovery Learning or Constructivism- Construct new ideas based on knowledge or past experiences- students discover information by themselves or in groups
Social Learning Theory
Bandura- Learn by observing- Modeling- learning through other's experiences
Discovery Learning or Constructivism
Bruner- Construct new ideas based on knowledge or past experiences- students discover information by themselves or in groups
Dewey
Learning through Experience- Learning through experiences such as project-based, cooperative, arts integration- Teach to be problem solvers by helping them thing rather than just giving them information.
Learning Through Experience
Dewey-Learning through experiences such as project-based, cooperative, arts integration- Teach to be problem solvers by helping them thing rather than just giving them information.
Erikson
8 Stages of Human Development- Infancy, Toddler, Early Childhood, Elementary and Middle school, Adolescence, Young Adulthood, Middle Adulthood, Late Adulthood
8 Stages of Human Development
Erikson
HD: Stage 1
Infancy- 0 to1- Trust vs. Mistrust
HD: Stage 2
Toddler- 1 to2- Autonomy vs. Doubt
HD: Stage 3
Early Childhood- 2 to 6- Initiative vs. Guilt
HD: Stage 4
Elementary and Middle School- 6 to 12- Competence vs. Inferiority
HD Stage 5
Adolescence- 12 to 18- Identity vs. Role confusion
HD: Stage 6
Young Adulthood- 19-40 Intimacy vs. Isolation
HD: Stage 7
Middle Adulthood- 40-65 Generativity vs. Stagnation
HD: Stage 8
Late Adulthood- 65 to death- Integrity vs. Despair
Kohlberg
Theory of Moral Development
Preconventioal, conventional, post-conventional stages

6 Total Stages
Moral Development Stages for Pre-conventional
Stage 1- Obedience and Punishment
Stage 2- Individualism, instrumentalism and exchange
Moral Development Stages for Conventional
Stage 3- Good boy/Good Girl -gain approval of others
Stage 4 Law and Order- abiding law and responding to obligations
Moral Development Stages for Post-Conventional
Stage 5- Social Contract- interest in welfare of others
Stage 6- Principled Conscience
Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs- air, water, food, sleep
Safety needs- secure home,
Love and Belongingness- belong to groups
Esteem Needs- Self-esteem results from competence
Self-Actualization- seek knowledge, peace, oneness with higher power.
Montessori
3 stages of learning process
1. Introduce concept lesson, lecture, read aloud
2. Process information through work, experimentation and creativity
3. knowing by passing test, teaching another, expressing understanding.
Piaget
4 Stages of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concerete Operational
Formal Operational
Stage 1 of Cog. Development
Sensorimotor- Birth to 2- Explore world through senses and motor skills
Stage 2 of Cog. Development
Preoperational- 2 to 7- believe that others view world like they do, use symbols to represent objects
Stage 3 of Cog. Development
Concrete Operational- 7 to 11- Reason logically in familiar situations
Stage 4 of Cog. Development
Formal Operational- 11+ - Can reason in hypothetical situations/abstract thinking
Skinner
Operant Conditioning- learning is a function of change in observable behavior. Change in behavior is result of response to stimuli. When stimulus response is reward, individual becomes conditioned to respond.
Operant Conditioning
learning is a function of change in observable behavior. Change in behavior is result of response to stimuli. When stimulus response is reward, individual becomes conditioned to respond.
Vygotsky
Zone of Proximal Development
Students learn best in which adult or peer teaches with support with a gradual release of responsibility
Constructivism
People construct their own understanding of the world they live in through reflections on experiences
Discovery Learning
Teaching methods allow students to discovery information by themselves or in groups.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation comes from outside of person. i.e.: stickers, behavior chart etc.
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation comes from within. students seeing what they have learned and wanting more, reflecting on goals, etc.
Learned Helplessness
passive learner dependent on others for guidance and decision making
Metacognition
person thinking about their thinking
Readiness to learn
Students' basic needs are met and student is cognitively ready for learning
Scaffolding
Instructional supports provided to a student. The more capable they become, the less scaffolding they will need.
Schema
Concepts that have been acquired from past experience, Back Ground Knowledge
Transfer
Apply lesson learned in one situation to another
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's theory of learning- Adult or peer teaches something that he or she could not learn on own.
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