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Chapter 2: Revolution and the Early Republic

Terms in this set (41)

stamp act
law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.
declaratory act
Passed by Parliament the day the Stamp Act was repealed. Stated that Parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies.
townshend acts
passed by Parliament, placed taxes on imported materials such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. Led to outrage and tons of people boycotted British goods.
Samuel Adams
Founder of the Sons of Liberty; signed the Declaration of Independence
Boston massacre
5 civilians who were part of a mob killed by British soldiers
Lord North
prime minister, had most of the Townshend acts repealed
Tea act
lets British East India Company avoid tax; undercuts colonists
Boston Tea Party
protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor.
intolerable acts
laws meant to punish Boston after the Tea Party; closed the harbor, placed Boston under martial law
Battle at bunker hill
an early battle fought at nearby Breed's Hill in Boston
King George III
King of England during the American Revolution, highly disliked by the colonists; rejects olive branch petition
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who stated that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
common sense
pamphlet attacking king george and monarchy; argues for independence
Thomas Jefferson
virginia lawyer who writes declaration of independence; favors weak central gov and farming economy
Declaration of independence
the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain
loyalists
American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and king george III; opposed the war for independence.
patriots
colonists in favor of independence from Britain
Trenton
On Christmas night, Washington led 2,400 men across the Delaware River to attack the drunken Hessians who were sleeping.
Saratoga
A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war.
Valley Forge
winter camp where continental army loses over 2,000
inflation
rising prices
Marquis de Lafayette
encourages France to send reinforcements
Charles Cornwallis
british general, wins many southern victories
yorktown
Battle that gave Americans victory in the war
Treaty of Paris
peace agreement that officially ended the revolutionary war and established Britian's formal recognition of the US
checks and balances
system preventing any branch from dominating
ratification
approval of constitution by states; 9 votes needed
federalists
favor the constitution's balance of power; promised bill of right; favor hamilton and support britain
antifederalists
against constitution, want bill of rights
Bill of rights
a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution)
judiciary act of 1789
federal courts are superior to state courts
henry knox
department of war, military matters
alexander hamilton
heads department of treasury, finances; favors strong central government and commercial economy
cabinet
these department heads become president's chief advisors
two-party system
two political groups within the government
democratic-republicans
favor jefferson and supports france, want strong state governments
protective tariff
import tax to encourage american production
battle of fallen timbers
US military defeats native americans
XYZ affair
low-level french officials demand bribe from americans
Alien and Sedition acts
laws passed by a Federalist-dominated Congress aimed at protecting the government from treasonous ideas, actions, and people
nullification
when a state invalidates laws it deems unconstitutional
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