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Mental Health: Crisis and Disaster

Terms in this set (41)

Crisis Intervention
Is what nurses and other health professionals do to assist those in crisis to cope. Interventions are broad, creative, and flexible.
Crises
are acute, time-limited occurances experienced as overwhelming emotional reactions to: a stressful situational event, a developmental event, a societal event, a cultural event, and the perception of an event.
Prevalence and comorbidity
Many factors may limit a person's ability to problem solve or cope wit stressful life events or situations.
Prevalence and comorbidity
Factors that can cause inability to cope: presence of other stessfull life events, mental illness, substance avuse, history of poor coping skills, preexisting physical health problems, limited social support network, and developmental or physical challenges.
Theory
Erich Lindemann-formed the foundation of crisis theory and clinical intervention. He believed that even though avute grief is a normal reaction to a distressing situation, preventive interventions could eliminate or decrease serious personality disorganization and devastation psychological consequence from the sustained effects of severity anxiety. same interventions for breavement would be just as helpful for other stressful situations.
Theory
Gerald Caplan further elaborated crisis theory and outlined crisis intervention strategies.
Theory
Donna Aguilera and Janice Mesnick proveded the framework for nurses for crisis assessment and intereventions, which has grown in scope and practice.
Robert's seven-stages model of crisis interventions
1. plan and conduct crisis assessment
2. establish rapport and rapidly establish relationship
3. Identify major problems
4. deal with feelings and emotions
5. generate and explore alternatives
6. develop and formulate an action plan
7.Follow-up plan and agreement
Foundation for crisis intervention
box 17-1 pg 365
Three areas of crisis
Type of crisis, phases of crisis, and aspects of crises that have relecance for nurses.
Types of Crises
maturational crisis, situational crisis, and adventitious crisis
Maturational crisis
A process of maturation occurs throughout life. Erikson identified eight stages of G&D in which specific maturational tasks must be mastered. Each developmental stage can be reffered to as a maturational crisis. When a person arrives at a new stage, new coping skills need to be developed. Ex. Marriage, birth of child, and retirement. The ability to resovle a crisis at one stage affects how you move through the next stage.
Situational Crisis
Arises from an external rather than an internal source. Crisis is often unanticipated. Ex. loss of job, change in financial status, death of a loved one, ect. Referred to as "critical life problems", because they are encountered by most people during the course of their lives.
Adventitious Crisis
AKA crisis of disaster. Is not part of everyday life, it is unplanned and accidental. Adventitous crises result from a natural disaster, national disaster, or a crime of violence.
Phases of crisis
phase 1 phase 2 phase 3 phase 4
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