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Psychology 1: 1.04 Humanistic Perspectives

Terms in this set (24)

holistic approach
emphasizing the relationship between parts and the whole hypothalamus, the part of the brain that controls many of the body's basic functions, including hunger and thirst
Humanists beliefs
people's social, biological, developmental, psychological, and spiritual dimensions all play a role in our health and well-being
humanistic psychologists
focus on the whole person and promote the importance of acceptance and encouraging personal growth
self-actualization
the desire to fulfill one's full potential
humanistic therapy
focuses on the relationship between the patient, referred to as the client, and the therapist
unconditional positive
technique when a therapist expresses complete support and acceptance towards a client
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy
Gestalt therapy
form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing
a gestalt therapist might
examine observable behaviors, but then progress to exploring emotions, seek to learn what the client wants in life and what he or she wishes to avoid
self-concept
helps us evaluate our strengths and weaknesses, at the core of humanistic theories
self-esteem
how much you value, respect, and feel confident about yourself
humanistic perspective
assumes that what people really need and are ultimately striving for is self-actualization
At the core of Maslow's theory
the belief that individuals are generally good and committed to improving themselves
hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
self-esteem needs
needs at the fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy: liking and respecting yourself, feeling important and useful
love needs
need for belonging and love from family and friends
safety needs
need for security and safety and freedom of fear
psychological needs
need for food, water, shelter, and warmth
motivation
a desire or need that drives a person's behavior, a driving force in a person's productivity and innovation
intrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake, curiosity and satisfaction
extrinsic motivation
a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment, recognition and reward, provided by the environment
strengths of humanistic approach
-perspective takes into account various factors that make up the "self."
-perspective does not focus exclusively on behaviors or thoughts.
-every individual "owns" his own health.
-theory is based on acceptance and growth.
-criticism of the client is absent.
-theory promotes the development of meaningful relationships.
weaknesses of humanistic approach
-perspective may seem unfocused—has a broad understanding of "self."
-professional judgment of the therapist is not used—instead, client is expert.
-correcting negative behaviors may take a long time.
-unconditional positive regard may be difficult to maintain.
-some individuals may be unwilling to take responsibility for growth.
eclectic
choosing from various sources
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