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Bio - Gentics

Terms in this set (18)

Genes
Sections of DNA that provide instructions for making proteins
Alleles
Different versions of the same gene
Homologous chromosomes
The matching chromosomes from mom and dad
Gregor Mendel
Father of Genetics
3 Laws of Inheritance
Law of dominance
Law of segregation
Law of independent assortment
Mendel experiment
Had control over breeding
Used only purebred plants
Observed either or
Cross
Mating of two organisms
Law of Dominance
A dominant allele will express itself over a recessive allele
Dominant
allele will always have a trait that is seen
Recessive
allele will only be seen if dominant is not there
Genotype
The actual traits inherited (Genetic)
Phenotype
The physical traits inherited (Physical)
Homozygous
2 of the same alleles
Heterozygous
2 different alleles
Law of Segregation
When chromosomes separate in Meiosis each gamete will receive only one chromosome from each pair
Law of independent assortment
The assortment of chromosomes for one trait does not affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait
Punnet Square
A diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes
Using Probability
1. Perform a monohybrid cross for each individual gene and determine the odds of getting each genotype
2. Multiply odds to determine if you get this or that
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