Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Micro Study Guide

Terms in this set (49)

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person in history to
view and accurately describe bacteria
Louis Pasteur demonstrated that fermentation of sugar produce alcohol is caused by
yeast
Which of the following scientist provided the final evidence disproving of the concept of spontaneous generation for microorganisms
Pasteur
Which of the following individuals pioneered the use of chemicals to reduce the incidence of infections during surgery
Lister
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses
They are visible with a light microscope
Robert Koch was involved in research on all of the following topics EXCEPT
the cause of fermentation
Microorganisms characterized by the absence of a nucleus are called
prokaryotes
The results of the experiments conducted by John T. Needham were interpreted as supporting the theory of
spontaneous generation
An explanation of observations and data supported by the experimental results of many scientists for many years
a theory
Protein synthesis occurs on/in the
ribosomes
Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote
Archaea
Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT
-The smooth ER is the site of lipid synthesis
-The rough ER has ribosomes associated with it
Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called
cilia
The cell walls of eukaryotes are usually composed of
polysaccharides
Members of the _____ have fimbriae
archaea and bacteria
_____ have pili
bacteria
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane
Gram-negative bacteria only
The short numerous structures on the surface of the bacterial cell shown in Figure above are
fimbriae
What do you call a microscopes ability to distinguish between two objects that are close together
resolution
With regard to microscopy, "contrast" is best described as ________.
the ability to view an image beyond its background
Which staining procedure is used to distinguish the genus Myobacteria from other bacteria
Acid-fast stain
If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?
Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative stains would be colorless
Carbolfuchsin is the ________ in the acid-fast stain.
primary stain
A virologist wants to observe the three-dimensional surface features of virus particles she is studying. Which of the following microscopes would be most useful for her observations?
scanning electron
The Gram stain works because of differences in the ________ of bacteria.
cell wall
The first of Koch's postulates states the
disease-causing organism must always be present in animals suffering from the disease but not in healthy animals.
Protects bacteria from lysis in hypotonic environments
cell wall
Where are viruses placed in the domains
They are actually absent
Which structural component allows for motility is Escherichia coli
flagellum
Which structure is involved in the genetic exchange (conjugation) between cells
pili
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane
It maintains the various shape of the bacteria
From the Grain stain, gram-positive organisms are stained
purple
Endospores
are resistant to harsh environments and thus increase the survival of sporeforming bacteria as compared to that of the bacteria that do not form spores
Which of the following provided strong evidence against the concept of spontaneous generation
Pasteur
flagella, rotation in ______ direction propels the bacterium forward, while rotation in the _____ direction disrupts the bundle of flagella and causes the bacterium to stop and change directions
counterclockwise, clockwise
Where are you most likely to find archaea
hot springs
Which of the following questions largely stimulated the research of microbes during what is known as the Golden Age of Microbiology
What causes disease, and is spontaneous generation of microbes possible
Which of the following was NOT an aspect of Pasteur's experiments to disprove spontaneous generation
Air could not enter the flask
What must one have before designing and conducting experiments
hypothesis
Who demonstrated that fermentation could occur in absence of intact cells
Buchner
The Gram stain works because of differences in ________ of bacteria
cell walls
Which of the following statements concerning pili is FALSE
Pili are located in the cytoplasm
Lipid A is component of
lipopolysaccharides
Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan are found in
bacteria only
Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane
Gram-negative bacteria only
What are two types of prokaryotic organisms
Bacteria and Archaea
What light-harvesting structure must eukaryotic cells have in order to harvest light energy during photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells
-to help the cell sense nutrients in its environment
-production of lipids and proteins
For a gram positive bacterium that has a cell covering that prevents phagocytosis, what is the correct sequence of structures from the outside to the cytoplasm
-capsule, peptidoglycan, membrane composed mostly of phospholipids
Students also viewed