Psychology Unit 8

Term
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Instinct Theory
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Terms in this set (34)
Instinct Theory
We are motivated by our instincts.
-The problem is that it names some of these behaviors but does not explain them.
Drive Reduction Theory
A need leads to a drive and it is later reduced.
-EX: We need food, we are driven by our hunger and reduce our drive by eating. Homeostasis is a constant internal state.
Incentive
Something that motivates behavior.
-EX: If you smell pizza down the street and it smells really good you would most likely go down the street and get it.
Arousal Theory
Sometimes we are motivated by curiosity.
-There isn't an instinct or a need but out of curiosity you do it.
-EX: Reading a book
Optimum Level of Arousal
Different for everyone. Some people need to go skydiving to reach their level of excitement but others can just read a book and drink coffee to be content.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Need to have your basic needs met before you can move up. (Pyramid)
Levels In the Pyramid
- Physiology needs first- things you need to stay alive like food and drink.
-Safety needs
-Feeling loved and belonging needs
-You need to have esteem.
-Self actualization; you have reached your fullest potential.
-Self transcendence you have meaning beyond yourself; you are passing meaning on to the next generation.
Biological
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas and turns glucose into fat and stores it in our bodies so we may have energy. When your glucose drops your hunger increases.
-Hypothalamus regulates glucose
Lateral Hypothalamus
makes you feel hungry.
- If this is stimulated you would be hungry all the time.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
makes you feel full.
-If this is stimulated you would be full all the time no matter what.
Set PointThis is our stable weight. -This the weight our body maintains assuming we don´t change our diet.Basal MetabolicYour body's resting rate of energy output.Hunger is motivated by culturepeople eat different things depending on where they are from (motivated by culture).Situational influencesWhat you eat is affected by whether you are with friends or watching a movie.What will lack of sleep do to your body weight?You will gain weight. -Obesity is sometimes linked to sleep deprivation. -People who work a night shift often gain weight.Ostracismsocial exclusionJames Lange TheorySays our emotion follows our physical reaction. -EX: We are happy because we smile and are sad because we cry.Cannon-Bard TheorySays the emotion and the body's response happens at the same time but independently of one another. - Does not account for our thinking processes.Two Factor TheoryOur bodies reactions and our thoughts create emotion. -EX: If you are placed in a room with an angry person you may come out of the room angry. -Emotions are contagious. -If you are in a room with happy people you are most likely going to come out of that room happySpillover EffectArousal spills over from one event to the next. -EX: If you just got a birthday present and then receive an acceptance letter you will be more excited.Sympatheticcontrols the arousal response.Parasympatheticcalms you down when the event is over. -Calming sensation after threat is overEmotionsshare physical responses. -Sweating, heavy breathing, increased heart rate can all be physical responses for emotions.Gestures vary across cultures:-EX: If you throw up the middle finger here you will offend someone. If you were to give the middle finger to someone else in another country it may mean love. -Facial expressions do not vary.Stressis how we respond to stressors. -Not the stressor itself but how we view it.Walter Cannonsaw stress as a unified body/mind system. - Our response to stress involves how we think about it. Also influenced by society. (He is the one who came off with a flight fight). -EX: Someone hits your car and you believe the person that hit you is a crackhead and/or a crazy person so you have to decide if you want to flee the situation or not.Syeś General Adaptation Syndrome:- Alarmed (You have an immediate reaction) - Resistance -ExhaustionIf a stressor persists we have a lower resistance to infections.- Lowers your immune system.Psycho Neuro ImmunologyStudy of mind/body interactions.Psychophysiology IllnessIllness that results from stress.Type AAggressive, competitive, and angry person. -A person who is like this is more likely to have a heart disease one day.Type BIs a person who is more easygoing and relaxed. -People who are like this are more likely to live longer.Optimistfeel like they have control over the situation (are more confident and have a positive outlook on life). -EX: A person like this is more responsible and most likely to be more of a planner. - More likely to study two hours a night for a test that may be coming up.PessimisticBelieve they aren't going to do well so they don't even study for the test. (They have a negative outlook on life) -They are more likely to be tired, have an illness and/or die sooner than an optimistic person would.