Patho poll 3rd

Which is a pre renal cause of kidney failure
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Terms in this set (60)
Which is a pre renal cause of kidney failure
Hypertension
Which is an intra renal cause of kidney failure
Nephrotocxic drugs, immune complexes
Which is a post renal cause of kidney failure
Urether obstruction
An individual did not receive treatment of cystitis. She now has flank, pain, fever and chills. What condition has she likely developed?
Pyelonephritis
An individual with type iii hypersensitivity can experience which renal system disease?
Glumerulonephritis
Which lab result indicates probable kidney/nephron damage?
Protein in urine
A person experiences incontinence due to not fully emptying his bladder. What type of incotinence is that?
Overflow
What happens to the glomerular filtration rate when there are increased sodium concentrations
Decreased filtration
Which promotes diuresis
Natriuretic peptide
What activates erythropoietin release
Hypoxia
What happens to the glomerular filtration rate when there are increased sodium concentrations?decreased filtrationWhich promotes diuresis?natriuretic peptideWhat activates erythropoeitin release?hypoxiaWhat is the struggle for individuals with obstructive pulmonary disorders?exhalation/expirationWhich disorder contributes to a restrictive only pulmonary disorder?Myasthenia GravisAn individual's forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is at 80%. What does this indicate?healthy lungsWhat occurs when air is introduced into the pleural space?pneumothoraxA person with asthma only has obstructive disease issues.falseAn individual who does not have appropriate respirator mask for a job working with asbestos is at increased risk for which disorder?pneumoconiosisA person with chronic bronchitis is termed a "blue bloater." What causes the bloating?pulmonary htnWhich conditions place individuals at higher increased risk for acquiring lung infections?chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosisWhat acid-base imbalance can happen in a person with continually low respiratory rates?respiratory acidosisWhat alteration(s) can occur in a person who has severe vomiting with tachypnea (fast respiratory rate)?respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosisWhat alteration is common in clients with end-stage renal failure?metabolic acidosisWhat acid-base imbalance can happen in a person who has continuous, severe vomiting?metabolic alkalosisWhat alteration can occur in a person who as consumed a lot of TUMS or antacids to relieve heartburn?metabolic alkalosis[pH = 7.32 PaCo2 = 30 mm Hg HCO3- = 17 mmol/L PaO2 = 85 mm Hg] What is the pH?Acidotic[pH = 7.32 (ACID) PaCo2 = 30 mm Hg HCO3- = 17 mmol/L PaO2 = 85 mm Hg ] What is the PaCO2 value?Basic/alkalotic[pH = 7.32 (ACID) PaCo2 = 30 mm Hg (ALK) HCO3- = 17 mmol/L PaO2 = 85 mm Hg ] What is the HCO3- value?acidotic[pH = 7.32 (ACID) PaCo2 = 30 mm Hg (ALK) HCO3- = 17 mmol/L (ACID) PaO2 = 85 mm Hg ] Is there compensation?yes, partial[pH = 7.32 (ACID) PaCo2 = 30 mm Hg (ALK) HCO3- = 17 mmol/L (ACID) PaO2 = 85 mm Hg ] What type of acid-base disorder is it?[pH = 7.62 PaCo2 = 66 mm Hg HCO3- = 40 mmol/L PaO2 = 80 mm Hg ] What is the pH?basic[pH = 7.62 (ALK) PaCo2 = 66 mm Hg HCO3- = 40 mmol/L PaO2 = 80 mm Hg ] What is the PaCO2 value?acidotic[pH = 7.62 (ALK) PaCo2 = 66 mm Hg (ACID) HCO3- = 40 mmol/L (ALK) PaO2 = 80 mm Hg ] Is there compensation?yes, partial[pH = 7.62 (ALK) PaCo2 = 66 mm Hg (ACID) HCO3- = 40 mmol/L PaO2 = 80 mm Hg ] What is the HCO3- value?basic[pH = 7.62 (ALK) PaCo2 = 66 mm Hg (ACID) HCO3- = 40 mmol/L (ALK) PaO2 = 80 mm Hg ] What type of acid-base disorder is it?metabolic alkalosis?Why would smoking cause increases to blood pressure?the relative rise of carbon dioxide triggers a reflexive responseWhich detection by chemoreceptors induces reflexive increase in blood pressure?pH of 7.32Why does a person's blood pressure drop when the carotid arteries are pressed?the baroreceptors are triggeredAn individual complains of dizziness and periods of near-syncope (near-fainting). On assessment their pulse is weak and rapid. What is suspected?hypotensionWhat is the rationale for recommending nitrates to treat hypertension?it facilitates vasodilationWhich generally contributes to an increased stroke volume?increased preload decreased afterload increased inotropyWhat is the rationale for recommending a low-salt diet to address hypertension?Which receptor sites detect changes to pressure and can influence heart rate and stroke volume?baroreceptorsWhich contributes to increased cardiac inotropy?SNS stimulationConsider MAP = SV x HR x SVR. In order to maintain adequate MAP, what will the body do to compensate for decreases in stroke volume?increase HR increase systemic vasoconstrictionWhat causes an increased heart rate during hypotension?angiotensin iiWhich cardiovascular risk(s) is present in a person with atherosclerosis?peripheral vascular disease hypertension angina pectoris myocardial infarctionWhy might the treatment of nitroglycerin not work in chest pain from an unstable angina?the thrombus might be too large and still cause obstructionA female patient complains of fatigue, worsening indigestion and "nervousness" Which pertinent medical history would cause the RN to be more concerned about the patient's complaints?atherosclerosisA patient has chest pain that can be relieved with rest and nitrates. What condition does this patient have?stable angina pectorisWhat condition needs to be closely monitored in an individual diagnosed with sepsis?hypotensionWhat is the likely cause for unstable angina?vessels that are blocked with thromboembolus from unstable plaqueWhat causes a majority of myocardial infarctions?thrombus in arteryWhen is the murmur of aortic stenosis heard?systoleWhen is the murmur of mitral valve regurgitation heard?systoleWhat causes chest discomfort during periods of angina?low o2 supply high o2 demandWhen considering MAP (MAP=SV x HR x SVR), what is primarily affected when an individual has hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?SVWhat condition causes a rub that is heard during auscultation of the heart?In an EKG, what does the T wave represent?ventricular repolarization