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CFS 3324 Test 1

Terms in this set (75)

Developmental Approach
According to this approach, typical ("normal") development can be described by using statistics
Slide: based on deviations from what is considered normal physical, social, and intellectual growth
Three approaches taken when someone doesn't conform to norms
1. Developmental Approach
2. Cultural Approach
3. Self-labeling
Cultural Approach
Cultural view that "typical" is defined by cultural standards
Self-labeling approach
Reflects how we see ourselves not how others see us
Disorder
broadest of the terms, refers to a general disturbance in mental, physical, or psychological functioning
(General)
disability
loss of physical functioning or difficulty in learning and social adjustment that interferes with typical growth and dev.
(Specific)
Handicap
limitation imposed on the individual by environmental demands; relates to the individual's ability to adapt or adjust to those demands.
(Limitation)
Exceptionality
more comprehensive, describes an individual whose physical, intellectual, or behavioral performance deviates substantially, either higher or lower, from the norm.
(Comprehensive)
impairment
indicate that a disorder creates barriers to typical functioning
Why do we have labels?
To describe people who are different
Labels
communicate whether a person meets expectations of the culture
-based on perception NOT fact
Labeling Pros
basis for developing and providing services to people
Labeling Cons
promotes stereotypes, discrimination, and exclusion
-inability to separate person from label
-environmental bias
New parent groups began to advocate in ___ during the civil rights movement
1950s
National Association fro Retarded Children (NARC)
founded 1950
United Cerebral Palsy Organization (UCP)
Founded 1949
National Society for Autistic Children
Founded 1961
Association for Children with Learning Disabilities
Founded 1964
National Association for Retarded Children (NARC)
United Cerebral Palsy Organization (UCP)
National Society for Autistic Children
Association for Children with Learning Disabilities
Concerned with providing accurate information to the public regarding the people they represented; ensure the rights of full citizenship for people with disabilities through access to medical treatment, social services, and education
Brown vs. The Topeka Kansas Board of Education (1954)
Declared that separate education for people of color was unequal
By 1960, Congress and state legislatures were actively seeking to improve the lives of people with disabilities
Mills vs. District of Columbia Board of Education
-Ordered public schools in District of Columbia to provide a free public education to all children with mental retardation (ages 6-21)
-Eventually led to the passage of Public Law 94-142 (free and appropriate public education for all students with disabilities) 1975 - renamed IDEA in 1990
Section 504
Amendment to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act that included a provision prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities in federally assisted programs and activities.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in private sector employment, all public services, public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin
ADA definition of disability
1) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities
2) A record of such an impairment
3) Is regarded as having such an impairment
Major Provision of ADA (AKA Reasonable Accomodations)
1.Employment
2.Transportation
3. Public Accommodations
4. Government
5. Telecommunications
Major Provisions of ADA: Employment
no discrimination in hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, training, etc. (employers of more than 15 people)
Major Provisions of ADA: Transportation
all public buses, bus and train stations, and rail systems must be accessible
Major Provisions of ADA: Public Accommodations
restaurants, hotels, and stores may not discriminate
Major Provisions of ADA: Government
State and local agencies may not discriminate against qualified individuals with disabilities. All government facilities must be accessible
Major Provisions of ADA: Telecommunications
phone service/phone relay service
The Role of Health Care Professionals
-Physician is generally the first professional with whom parents have contact
-Includes genetic counselors, PT, OT, nurses
The Role of Psychologist
-Focus on the behavior of an individual
-Behavior therapy, family therapy, group therapy, or client-centered therapy
-normal human experiences to neurotic disorders to psychotic disorders, play a critical role in the treatment of people with disabilities who have emotional and behavioral disorders.
The Role of Social Service Professionals
-Focus on helping the individual meet societal, cultural, and group expectations
Goal of education for all
full participation for everyone, regardless of race, cultural background, SES, physical disability , or mental limitation. Not until 1975 that this was put into practice.
Origins of Special Education
1. Early special Education Programs
2. Education as a privilege but not a right
3. Expanding the role of the federal government
Brown v. Board of Education
1954
-Segregation of students by race is held unconstitutional
-Education is a right that must be available to all on equal terms
Mills V. Board of Education of the District of Columbia
-Exclusion of individuals with disabilities from free, appropriate public education is a violations of the due-process and equal protection clauses of the 14th amendment to the Constitution
-Public schools in District of Columbia must provide a free education to all children with disabilities regardless of their functional level or ability to adapt to the present education system
-1972
, Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Public Law 93-112 Section 504: Individuals with disabilities cannot be excluded from participation in, denied benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any benefit or activity receiving federal financial assistance
Part B of the Education Handicapped Children Act of 1975
Public Law 94-142: A free appropriate public education must be provided for all children with disabilities in the U.S. (Those up to the 5 of 5 may be excluded in some states)
Individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) of 1990
-The new name for the Education for All Handicapped Children Act
-purpose of change was to reflect "person-first" language and promote the use of the term disabilities rather than handicapped
Education for all handicapped children act of 1986
PL 99-457: A new authority extends free education to all children with disabilities aged 3-5, and provides a new early intervention program for infants and toddlers
Major Provisions of IDEA
1. students entitled to a free and appropriate education (FAPE)
2. nondiscriminatory and multidisciplinary assessments to determine educational needs
3. parental involvement
4. IEP
5 .Education in the Least Restrictive Environment (Student has right to receive an education with non disabled peers to maximum extent appropriate)
FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education)
ensures that students with disabilities receive necessary education and services without cost to the family (Section 504)
IEP (Individualized Education Plan)
-Written statement that is the framework for delivering a free and appropriate public education to every eligible student with a disability.
-Developed by the student's parents, special education teacher, general education teacher, school representative, and any other professionals involved with the child.
general education
instructional content that all students are expected to learn in school. Specific content and performance standards for student achievement are set by individual state or local distrcits
LRE (Least Restrictive Environment)
students are to be educated with their peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate
504/ADA
plan provides accommodations or modifications in assessment and instruction to create a fair and level playing field to students
IFSP (individualized family service plan)
a plan of special services for infants and toddlers with developmental delays
inclusive education
students with disabilities receive the services and supports appropriate to their individual needs within the general education setting
full inclusion
all support services are delivered to the student within the regular classroom setting.
partial inclusion
-most support services are delivered to the student within the regular classroom setting.
-when appropriate, the student may be "pulled out" and placed in another instructional setting.
formal support
educational supports provided and funded by public school systerm
Natural Support
Students family,classmates,and community
Assistive Technology
Any item that is used to increase the functional capabilities of a child with disabilities
Early Intevention Under Part C of IDEA
Early intervention entails comprehensive services and supports, including education, health care, and social services, for children from birth to three years of age.
multitiered system of support (MTSS)
A system-wide approach to providing evidence-based instruction using a three-tiered model based on the needs of each child. It involves continuous monitoring of student progress in making decisions regarding the frequency and intensity of instruction.
Response to Intervention (RTI)
A strategy used for determining whether a pupil has a learning disability. Student is exposed to increasing levels of validated instructional intervention; responsiveness to the instruction is assessed; a lack of adequate progress typically leads to a referral for possible special education services
Differentiated Instruction
provided students with many different ways to access and learn content within the general education curriculum
Transition Services
Special education services to help adolescents and young adults with disabilities make the transition from the school setting to the "real world" of work and living away from home, whether in a protected or a completely independent living or work situation.
Person-centered transition planning
planning a process based in an understanding of and a commitment to each student's need and preferences, and developed and implemented with each student IEP
Adult Service Agencies
Agencies whose major focus is on providing the necessary services to assist individuals with disabilities to become more independent
Self-determination
focus on person's ability to consider options and make appropriate decisions and to exercise free will, independence, and individual resposibility
Career Education
Education that focuses on developing an awareness of various career choices, exploring occupational opportunities, and developing the skills and attitudes that lead to greater success in the workplace.
Non-discriminatory Assessment
testing conducted in a child's preferred language without cultural or racial discrimination through the use of validated assessment tools
Child Find System
a system within a state or local area that attempts to identify all children who are disabled or at risk in order to refer them for appropriate support services
culturally and linguistically diverse
individuals whose culture and/or language us different from the majority of the population
Multicultural Education
Education that teaches the value of cultural diversity.
Emergent bilingual learner (EBL)
a person who is in the process of becoming a fluent speaker of two or more languages, including the academic language of the languages.
English as a Second Language (ESL)
A program for teaching the English language to children whose first language is not English
bilingual education
The ability to speak in two or more languages at a level equivalent to a native speaker
Limited English Proficient (LEP)
a child whose native language is other than English and whose ability to speak, read, write , or understand English may deny the child the ability to successfully achieve in classrooms or state assessments where English is the language of instruction or the opportunity to participate fully in society
English Language Learner (ELL)
a term used to describe individuals whose heritage language is other than English and who are at various stages of developing academic English
Dual-language or dual-immersion education
A variety of language instruction programs provided in two languages to English and a target language directed at emergent bilinguals learning English to strengthen their heritage language and develop their English language; or for English speakers learning a target language such as Spanish or Chinese; another term for bilingual education
measurement bias
an unfairness or inaccuracy of test results or their interpretation that is related to cultural or linguistic background, gender, or race
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