psyc practice tests 1

Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to
A)
minimize chances that participants in any group know each other.
B)
increase chances that participants are representative of people in general.
C)
minimize any differences between groups of participants.
D)
increase chances that the different groups have the same number of participants.
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Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to
A)
minimize chances that participants in any group know each other.
B)
increase chances that participants are representative of people in general.
C)
minimize any differences between groups of participants.
D)
increase chances that the different groups have the same number of participants.
C.
If psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people are, this would indicate that wealth and marital satisfaction are
A)
causally related.
B)
negatively correlated.
C)
independent variables.
D)
positively correlated.
B.
Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of
A)
the hindsight bias.
B)
the placebo effect.
C)
a hypothesis.
D)
a confounding variable.
C.
The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits.
A)
massed practice and spaced practice
B)
unconscious and conscious motives
C)
behavior and mental processes
D)
genes and experience
D.
When every individual in a large population has a small but equal chance of being included in a survey, researchers are using a procedure known as
A)
the case study.
B)
the double-blind procedure
C)
random sampling.
D)
naturalistic observation.
C.
The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
A)
natural selection.
B)
brain chemistry.
C)
unconscious conflicts.
D)
learned behaviors.
C.
Correlational research is most useful for purposes of
A)
explanation.
B)
prediction.
C)
control.
D)
replication.
B.
Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences?
A)
Behavioral
B)
Cognitive
C)
neuroscience
D)
behavior genetics
B.
Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she frequently praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.
A)
behavior genetics
B)
neuroscience
C)
psychodynamic
D)
behavioral
D.
The case study is a research method in which
A)
a single individual is studied in great depth.
B)
a representative sample of people are questioned regarding their opinions or behaviors.
C)
organisms are carefully observed in a laboratory environment.
D)
an investigator manipulates one or more variables that might affect behavior.
A.
An axon is A) a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system. B) a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons. C) an antagonist molecule that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites. D) the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body.D.The function of dendrites is to A) receive incoming signals from other neurons. B) release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons. C) coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. D) control pain through the release of opiatelike chemicals into the brain.A.The body's natural production of endorphins is likely to be A) increased by heroin use and increased by vigorous exercise. B) decreased by heroin use and decreased by vigorous exercise. C) increased by heroin use and decreased by vigorous exercise. D) decreased by heroin use and increased by vigorous exercise.D.The two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the A) brain and spinal cord. B) sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. C) central system and endocrine system. D) somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.D.You come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by the A) somatic nervous system. B) sympathetic nervous system. C) parasympathetic nervous system. D) sensory nervous system.B.Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into A) synaptic gaps. B) the bloodstream. C) the central nervous system. D) sensory neurons.B.Which part of the limbic system plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? A) Hypothalamus B) Thalamus C) hippocampus D) MedullaC.The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of A) muscular coordination. B) visual perception. C) speaking ability. D) pain sensations.B.People's moral judgments are most likely to seem unrestrained by normal emotions if they have suffered damage to their A) cerebellum. B) sensory cortex. C) corpus callosum. D) frontal cortex.D.The capacity of a brain area to reorganize in response to damage is known as brain A) lateralization. B) cognitive neural prosthetics. C) hemispherectomy. D) plasticity.D.Mr. Wood has traveled across several time zones and now he has a hard time falling asleep at night. Mr. Wood is experiencing a disruption in his: A) Self-regulation. B) Flexibility. C) Circadian Rhythm. D) Neutrality.C.REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because A) our heart rate is slow and steady, while our breathing is highly irregular. B) we are deeply asleep but can be awakened easily. C) our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move. D) it leads to highly imaginative dreams that are perceived as colorless images.C.People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) ________ risk of obesity. A) decreased B) increased C) zeroB.A need to take larger and larger doses of sleeping pills to avoid insomnia indicates A) narcolepsy. B) tolerance. C) sleep apnea. D) REM rebound.B.Research on susceptibility to hypnosis indicates that A) very few people can actually be hypnotized. B) people who are most easily hypnotized usually have difficulty paying attention to their own personal thoughts and feelings. C) how well a person responds to hypnotic suggestion depends primarily on the skill and experience of the hypnotist. D) people who are highly responsive to hypnotic suggestion tend to become absorbed in imaginative activitiesD.The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called A) addiction. B) withdrawal. C) dependence. D) neuroadaptation.B.Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers? A) amphetamines B) barbiturates C) hallucinogens D) OpiatesB.Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal? A) Anxiety B) drowsiness C) diminished appetite D) insensitivity to painA.Cocaine is classified as a(n) A) hallucinogen. B) stimulant. C) depressant. D) opiate.B.At about eight months of age, people across the world start to ________ strangers. A) Fear B) Enjoy C) Welcome D) Get angry atA.Environmental influences on personality traits are most clearly highlighted by comparing A) identical twins raised together with fraternal twins raised apart. B) identical twins raised together with fraternal twins raised together. C) identical twins raised apart with fraternal twins raised together. D) identical twins raised together with identical twins raised apart.D.The Harlow's experiment with monkeys showed that: A) The monkeys attached to the wire mother because it had a milk bottle. B) The monkeys never ate food and only clung to the cloth mother C) The monkeys used the wire mother for food and the cloth mother for attachment. D) The monkeys did not have any pattern of preference for either the wire or the cloth mother.C.The involvement of fathers in parenting tends to: A) Make little difference in children's lives. B) Depends on the age of the father. C) Be beneficial to children's development. D) Have little relevance to children's development.C.A child's temperament is likely to be A) difficult to observe. B) stable over time. C) a product of parenting style. D) a reflection of his or her gender.B.Dr. Amos is interested in studying how children develop the ability for perspective-taking. He wants to know whether it develops suddenly or over an extended period of time. Mr. Wood is focused on the question of: A) Stages vs. continuity B) Nature vs. nurture C) Change vs. stability D) CorrelationA.Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of A) habituation. B) egocentrism. C) insecure attachment. D) accommodation.C.In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to A) act as though their mothers are of little importance to them. B) use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings. C) cling to their mothers and ignore the new surroundings. D) show hostility when their mothers approach them after a brief absence.B.Nature is to nurture as ________ is to ________. A) secure attachment; imprinting B) heredity; maturation C) accommodation; assimilation D) temperament; responsive parentinD.Two-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and rejecting. This is most indicative of A) habituation. B) egocentrism. C) infantile amnesia. D) insecure attachment.D.