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MGMT 349 Exam 2

Terms in this set (42)

What does character consist of
composed of your personal standards of behavior including honesty, integrity, and moral strength
what is integrity
congruence between what you know, say, and do
what are values
personal beliefs and preferences that influence one's behavior
what key factors influence the formation of personal values
generational influences
family
religious groups
education
the media
people you admire
what is an internal value conflict and how is it different from a value conflict with others? Consider how each would apply to life situations?
internal value conflict- occur when a person is caught between two or more strongly held values
conflict with others- usually based on interpretations of work ethics and priorities
what is the definition of ethics given in class?
knowing the right thing to do and having the courage to do it
what are the three guidelines that can help an employee make good ethical choices and what does each mean?
learn to distinguish between right and wrong
don't let your life be driven by the desire for immediate gratification
make sure your values are in harmony with those of your employer
what is instant gratification and how does it relate to perceptions of prosperity and progress?
turning earnings into material things
young business leaders want instant gratification to show off perceptions of prosperity and progress
what are the key steps to preventing corporate crime and enhancing corporate ethics
establish and support a strong code of ethics that considers the best interest of employees, stockholders, and customers
hire with care
provide ethics training
what is an ethics code and what is its purpose
written statements of what an organization expects in the way of ethical behavior
gives employees a clear indication of what behaviors are acceptable or improper
what techniques do companies use to hire with care
identify a guiding set of core values and find people who have those values
integrity tests
multiple interviewers
what happens when values and ethics move into international business
values and ethical choices are more complicated at the international level
what is an attitude
a thought, accepted as true, that leads one to think, feel, or act positively or negatively toward a person, idea, or event
how are attitudes formed and be able to explain each
socialization- process through which people are integrated into a society by exposure to actions and opinions of others
peer groups- people one's own age have a powerful influence on attitude during adolescence, possibly stronger than adults
reference groups- several people who share a common interest tend to influence behavior
rewards and punishment- attitudes developed to minimize punishment and maximize rewards
role model identification- someone that you admire or are likely to emulate
cultural influences- total of knowledge, beliefs, values, and customs that we use to adapt to our environment
when and how are attitudes influenced by socialization usually formed
interactions with parents, family, teachers, and friends to learn skills and social norms necessary to be well-functioning members of society
what is the difference between a peer group and a reference group
peer group- people of the same age
reference group-people who share a common interest
what is a role model
a person you most admire or are likely to emulate
what is culture
the sum total of knowledge, beliefs, values, objects and ethnic customs that we use to adapt to our environment
what are the attitudes most valued by employers and what does each mean
basic interpersonal skills
self-motivation
openness to change
team spirit
health consciousness
appreciation of coworker diversity
honesty
what is a team player
someone who is willing to step out of the spotlight, give up a little personal glory, and help the team achieve a victory
how can you help someone else change their attitude about work and how do consequences and conditions affect attitudes
change the conditions that precede the behavior
change the consequences that follow when the person exhibits the behavior
on which employees do employers tend to focus attention
new employees?
when people are asked what the most want from their job, what do they typically cite
mutual respect among coworkers, interesting work, recognition for work well done, the chance to develop skills
what did Viktor Frankl say is the last of human freedoms
to choose one's attitude in any given set of circumstances
draw a diagram to show the relationship between values, attitudes, and behaviors
core values > attitudes > behaviors
what is internal and external motivation
internal motivation- comes when work is meaningful or gives sense of purpose
external motivation- an action taken by another person to stimulate a response
what are the five characteristics of motives and what does each mean
individualistic
changing
may be unconscious
often inferred
hierarchical
what are the three basic assumptions in Maslow's hierarchy of needs
people have a number of needs that require some measure of satisfaction
only unsatisfied needs motivate behavior
the needs of people are arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency
explain each of the needs that Maslow identified and in know the order are they arranged
lowest to highest
physiological
safety and security
social or belongingness
esteem
self-actualization
how do the first four needs described by Maslow motivate differently than the highest need
they come from outside sources, whereas the highest need comes from self-fulfillment
what are the two primary factors that Herzberg included in his theory and what is included in each
maintenance factors- things people consider essential to any job
motivation factors- benefits above and beyond the basic elements of a job
which of Maslow's needs did Herzberg consider to be related to the motivational factors in this Motivation-Maintenance Theory
esteem needs and self-actualization
under Herzberg's Theory, what do employees do when their motivational factors are not met
they begin to ask for more maintenance factors
what is the expectancy theory
motivational strength is determined by whether or not you believe you can be successful at a task
what is self-fulfilling prophecy
the somewhat mysterious connection between what you expect in life and what you actually achieve; If you can conceive it and believe it, you can achieve it
what is the goal-setting theory
goals tend to motivate people
how do goals affect motivation and which type of goals are the best motivators
goals need to be specific, difficult, participatively set
goals motivate by directing attention, encouraging effort, encouraging persistence, fostering goal-attainment strategies and action plans
what is McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y view of management
Theory X- are pessimistic, think workers are lazy and need only pay or punishment, think workers avoid responsibility
Theory Y- are optimistic, think workers are ambitious, think workers are creative; self-directed; and responsible
what are the five contemporary motivation strategies and how does each work
Job Design
Incentives
Learning Opportunities
Empowerment
Others' Expectations
what are the four key self-motivation strategies and what does each mean
Nurture a Gritty nature
go outside your comfort zone
strive for balance
take action
what are the four key elements of empowerment that were shared in class
know what is expected
have resources and knowledge to meet expectations
have continuous feedback on performance
able to adjust process to meet expectations
Essay: Compare and contrast motivation theories as demonstrated in class
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Herzberg's Motivation-Maintenance Theory
Expectancy Theory
McGregor's Theory X/Theory Y
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