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World Civilization II Exam 1

Terms in this set (95)

The oldest surviving world maps come from which civilization?
Islamic
The Silk Road was a trade route connecting
China and the Mediterranean
According to traditions associated with Zhang Jian the earliest long-distance traders in the Sogdiana area were the
Chinese
Which dynasty of Iranian rulers proved critical to the development of trade links between China and the Mediterranean in the years between 250 BCE and 226 CE?
The Parthians
General Zhang Jian is credited with introducing which of the following to China?
Alfalfa, Wine grapes, and other garden plants
Critical to the functioning of the Silk Road were:
pastoralists who provided animals, handlers, and protection along the road
Nomads were critical to the function of the Silk Road because they provided which of the following?
Animals for carrying goods, Animal herders, Protection against enemies, Knowledge of routes.
One of the most important and feared of the Central Asian nomadic peoples was the?
Scythians
What religion made great use of the Silk Road to spread?
Buddhism
What military technologies did the Silk Road spread?
Chariot warfare, mounted bowmen, and the stirrup
The mariners involved in the Indian Ocean trade were
A multilingual and multiethnic group
The Indian Ocean maritime system forged economic and social ties between
East Africa, Arabia, India, China, Southeast Asia
One difference between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean seafaring was that
Mediterranean seamen rarely sailed far from shore
A significant difference between ships of the Indian Ocean and those of the Mediterranean was
Triangular lanteen sails, bitume calk of boat bottoms, rare use of oars, pierced planks tied together
Transplanted foods carried by seafarers to Africa include
Yams and Bananas
Family life in the Indian Ocean coastal areas was considered more cosmopolitan because
Blended families were bicultural and bilingual
Who is Asklepios?
God of medicine
The best primary evidence of early Saharan history consists of
A vast number of rock paintings and engravings
The current desert condition (dryness, aridity) of the Sahara dates to about
2,500 BCE
There is solid evidence that Saharan wildlife once included ALL but which of the following?
Elephants, Giraffes, Rhinoceroses, Cattle , Crocodiles
Cattle
Saharan horse breeders were
known little about
Which animal was most important to Saharan transportation?
Horses
The most convincing evidence indicates that camels were introduced to the Sahara from
Arabia
In the case of camel technology, saddles were designed for
Cargo and military efficiency
What natrual resource would Brazil need to import from other countries?
Salt
the agricultural area bordering the Sahara Desert is called the Sahel, which in Arabic literally means
the coast
The importance of trans-Saharan trade was that it
connected North and South Africa
The Savannah region of Africa was characterized by
long grasses and scattered forests
Africa is the home to approximately how many languages, emphasizing its diversity?
2000
The most important African network of cultural exchange can be described as
mainly internal folk migrations within sub-Saharan Africa
Which of the following does not constitute a shared cultural heritage or "great tradition"?
Political Unity
Which of the following is not an example of a broad common element underlying African life and culture?
A common Language
according to a theory of explaining cultural unity in the sub-Saharan areas, populations moved into the Sahel because of?
Climate change
Pan-African cultural patterns may have been shaped by?
Environmental changes that inspired southern migration.
The development of metallurgy in Africa involved
iron
Most sub-Saharan languages come from one giant linguistic family, called
Bantu
An example used in the text that demonstrated the transfer of practices between civilizations was:
use of die-cast coins
One of the greatest promoters of Buddhism was
King Ashoka of India
Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam all spread?
without dependency on a single ethnic or kinship group
The Silk Road and the Indian Ocean trade fostered?
Buddhism
What facilitated the spread of Christianity to Armenia?
The invention of an Armenian alphabeat
The head of the Ethiopian Christian church is ?
The patriarch of Alexandria
All of the following are true about camels in Arab society except.
- They aided in control of the caravan trade
-There was decreased emphasis on wheeled vehicles by the sixth century
-They caused disuntegration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary
-They had sustainability in the desert environs
-They were very strong pack animals
They caused disintegration of the internal road structure because it was no longer necessary
The Sassanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
Iran
The founder of the Sasanid empire in approximently 224 CE was
Ardashir
What did the Sassanid and Byzantine Empires have in common
central control of imperial finances
The Sassanid Empire benefited from its location along the Silk Road. Some of the agricultural goods hat it gained were
Cotton, Sugar, And Rice
The establishment of Zoroastrianism and Christianity as official faiths in the Byzntine
The rise of Islam as the focus of an empire
Religious conflics in the Byzantine Empire resulted in treatment of Nestorian Christian as
Heretics, seeking refuge under the Sassanid shah
Manichaeism is a faith derived from Zoroastrianism and is founded on the idea that
There us a cosmic struggle between good and evil
The Arabs involvement in Byzantine and Sassanid conflict led to
the penetration of Christian knowledge into Arabian peninsula
Most subjects of both Byzantine and Sasanid rulers found common identity in
Religion
What was the leading motivation for unification of the Muslims in 1100 AD
The Crusader capture of Jerusalem
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a or
Law
The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with
common moral values, minimizing ethnic and political divisions
What is the Hadith?
A collection of Muhammad's words and deeds
During the period of expantion, conversion to Islam was primarily a result of
gradually learning about Islam
Which of the following statement about Muslim women is Not true
They often played a role in public life
Sufism was significant in being a
quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training
The tradition occupation practiced by more people inhabiting the Arabian peninsula was
Farming
Mecca is an important city because it
is a caravan city and pilgrimage site of the Ka'ba
Muhammad conceived Islam after
experiencing revelations
Muslim means
one who submits
Islam means
surrender/submit to the will of God
Muhamads teaching built upon the beliefs of
Judaism and Christianity
Why did Muhammed leave Mecca for Medina
Meccan leaders were threatended by his popularity
The unified community that accepted Islam and believed that Muhammad was the "Messenger of God" was called the
Umma
After the city of Mecca surrendered to Muhammad, he established a new state based on a
Common religious faith
Why was the direction of prayer focused on Mecca?
because Mecca is the site of the Ka'ba.
After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community
chose a caliph, Abu Bakr
Muslim religion practice is based on the
five pillers
Muhammed's revelation from the angel are complied in a book called
The Qur'an
The subsequent split of supporters to different caliphs, or successors, divided the umma into
Shi'ites and Sunnis
The Muslims fought the Battle of the Camel in a dispute over the
Legitimacy of Ali as caliph
Why is the martyrdom of Husayn a significant event in Muslim history?
it marks the beginning of the sect of Shi'ism
The founder of the Umayyad Caliphate was
y
Which area was not brought under Muslim control under the leadership of the caliphs
Eastern Europe
The first caliphate to begin expansion outside of Arabia was that of
Umar
The capital of the Umayyad caliphate was in
Damascus
The decline of the Umayyad dynasty was due to
growing unrest among non-Arab Muslims, who demanded access to political power
Why is the Abbasid rule considered a "golden age"?
It created a refined and cosmopolitan culture in Baghdad
Despite the fact that conversions to Islam were at their peak, Abbasid power declined because s
the empire had become too big to rule effectively
After falling to reform the government and military, the Abbasid Caliphate fell under the influence of the
Buyid family of northern Iran
Umayyad Spain developed a distinctive Islamic culture because of the growing influence of Russian and Frankish tradition in Spain the
blending of Roman. Germanic, Jewish, Arab and Berber traditions
Under Islamic leadership, the Jewish people of Spain
contributed to cultural growth of Spain as great thinker and writers
The Iuama were
Religious Scholars
Which of the following statement is NOT true about the rule of the Seljuk?
Mesopotamia grew in population and influence
Byzantine power was significantly diminished by the Seljukes with
The battle of Manzikert in 1071
What was the leading motivation for unification of Muslims in 1100 AD?
The Crusader capture of Jerusalem
The foundation of Islamic civilization is the Shari'a, or
Law
The great vision of the Shari'a is an umma with
Common moral values, minimizing ethnic and political divisions
What is the hadith
A collection of Muhammads words and deeds
During the period of expansion, conversion to Islam was primarily a result of
gradually learning about Islam
Which of the following statements about Muslim women is NOT true
They often played role in public life
Sufism was significant in being a(n)
quest for a direct union with God through rituals and training
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