Chapter 11 Pain Assessment

Term
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Nociception
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Terms in this set (23)
Nociception
The sensory nervous system's response to certain harmful or potentially harmful stimuli
Mechanical Nociceptors
Crushing or tearing
Thermal Nociceptors
Lots of heat or cold
Chemical Nociceptors
- Chemical burn
- Hydrogen peroxide in a cut (how that feels)
Transduction
Tissue integrity trigger the release of biochemical mediators that sensitize nociceptors
Transmission
Pain impulse travels from the peripheral nerve fibers to the spinal cord, then ascends to the brain stem and thalamus, and then to the somatic sensory cortex.
Perception
Patient becomes conscious of the pain
Modulation
Neurons in the brain stem send signals back down to the dorsal horn fo the spinal cord
Acute Pain
- Mild to severe
- Only through expected recovery period (6 month or less)
Chronic Pain
- Prolonged
- Recurring
- Persisting
- Interferes with functioning
- Longer than 6 months
Cutaneous pain- Skin - Subcutaneous tissueDeep Somatic Pain- Ligaments - Tendons - Bones - Blood Vessels - NervesVisceral Pain- Structures in the abdomen, cranium, or thorax - Diffuse, feels like somatic painRadiating PainPerceived at source and nearby tissuesReferred PainFelt in a part of the body removed form the tissue causing the painIntractable PainHighly resistant to reliefNeuropathic Pain- Result of current or past damage to peripheral or central nervous system - May or may not have a stimulusPhantom PainPerceived in body part that is missing or paralyzedOLDCART- Onset - Location - Duration - Characteristics - Aggravating Factors - Relieving Factors - TreatmentICE- Impact on activities of daily living - Coping strategies - Emotional responsesPQRST- Provokes - Quality - Radiates - Severity - TimeSympathetic Physiologic Responses- Elevation of blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rates - Palor - DiaphoresisParasympathetic Physiologic Responses- Lowered blood pressure, pulse rate - Warm, dry skin