Dental Materials

adhesion
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Terms in this set (94)
adhesion
the chemical attraction between unlike molecules
cohesion
the chemical attraction between like molecules
coefficient of thermal expansion
an idea which indicates how one material reacts to temperature extremeness in relation to another
compressive strength
the force at which a material breaks under pressure
creep
slow dimensional change caused by compression
ductility
the ability to undergo change of form without breaking
elasticity
a material ability to recover its initial shape after undergoing a force
galvanism
an ELECTRICAL current generated by dissimilar METALS in an ACIDIC environment
gelation
The process of gelling (solidification by cold)
imbibition
ABSORPTION of a solvent by a gel
malleabilitya material's capacity to be shaped by force or pressuremicro-leakage (percolation)passage of oral fluids/bacteria into and out of tooth structure due to a marginal gap or failure of the marginal (restorative) sealpolymerizationthe linking, branching, or cross-linking of smaller molecules to generate a larger molecule as seen with composite bonding and impression settingproportional limitthe force at which a material cannot return to its original shapesyneresiscontraction of a gel due to the loss of solventtensile strengththe force needed to stretch a material to the point of fractureviscosityresistance to flow (the higher the viscosity, the lower the flow)amalgamby definition: an alloy of mercuryamalgamin dentistry: an alloy of mercury with silver, copper, tin and zinca base metal that is susceptible to corrosionwhat is silverto minimize corrosioncopper is added whydurable, compressive, strength is similar to enamel, relatively inexpensivedesirable features of amalgamunattractive, high thermal conductivity, dimensionally unstable (creep), delayed expansion if contaminated by saliva, requires tooth support, fracture able by excessive occlusion, susceptible to galvanism when newundesirable features of amalgamtin oxidefinal polish in the mouth is what or amalgam is whatmove from coarse to fine agents when polishing to remove surface tarnish, taint, flash and roughnesshow to polish amalgamreduce the rate of corrosion (because of less surface area)polishing amalgam does whatuse a light touch with water and short bursts when power polishing with a rubber cup to avoid odontoblast-damaging heathow to polish amalgamtin oxidefinal polish of amalgam in the mouth isusing properly placed band and wedges. detect overhang with exploreravoid overhand formation bybonding agentsunfilled organic resins which establish micro-mechanical retention with enamel and dentin by adapting to relief areas created by conditioning with phosphoric acidPhosphoric Acidwhat increases enamel and dentin surface areapumice, rinse, isolate, etch (15-20 seconds), rinse, dry, apply, remove excess, polymerize.pit and fissure sealant stepssilicates quartz glasswhat is added to composites for radiopacitycompositean esthetic restorative material composed of a bonding agent and tooth colored filler particles of various sizesliners (help with pain)generally used to seal dentin or medical the dental pulp (seal/medicate)calcium hydroxide, zinc-oxide/eugenol, resin-modified glass ionomer, bonding agentslist the linersresin modified glass ionomer (liner)seals tubules and releases fluoridezinc oxide eugenol (liner)contraindicated with compositeCalcium Hydroxidestimulates reparative dentin formationbasesgenerally used to provide thermal insulation or mechanical protection for the dental pulp (insulate/protect)nanofill, microfill, minimill, midifill, macrofill (hybrid and nano-filled-micro-hybrid are blends)list partial size from smallest to largestPoor thermal conductorscements are whatcementsused to lute a restoration to tooth structure or basezinco phosphate, polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, resin, hybrid, zinc-oxide/eugenol cementlist the cementszinc phosphate cementexothermic reaction on mixing (use cool glass slab)Polycaboxylate Cementpowder mixed with polyarcylic acidglass ionomer cementbinds to dentin releases fluoride coefficient of thermal expansion approximates tooth structure can be used as a class V restorative materialresin cementtooth colored to affix esthetic restoration like porcelain laminate veneers and tooth colored inlays, onlays, or crowns and clear orthodontic brackets. also used for luting etched metal retainers such as resin-bonded bridges and prefabricated endodontics postshybrid cementsresin-modified glass ionomers. pleas dentin effectively to minimize sensivity (unfit resin/bonding agent), releases fluoridezinc oxide eugenolcommonly used for temporary cementation, orange solvent typically used to clean ZOE-comtaminated instrumentsaqueoussoluble or hydrophilicnon-aqueousaqueous hydrocolloidsundergoes a physical reaction onlyirreversible aqueousundergoes a chemical reactiondelayed by cold and sped up by warm waterirreversible aqueous setting time can be delayed and sped up howpolysulfide rubber polyether rubber silicone rubber vinylpolysiloxanelist the non-aqueous elastomeric materialspolysulfide rubbermessy, smelly, must be poured same daypolyether rubber-relatively rigid, good tissue detail -unstable in presence of moisture (will distort if left wet)silicone rubberputty-like rarely usedVinylpolysiloxanetasteless, odorless, capable of multiple poursnon-aqueous solutionwhat sets by polymerizationmineral, calcium sulfate di-hydrategypsum productAlpha-calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate, beta-calcium sulfate semi-hydratetypes of gypsum productsgypsum productswater must be added back to reconstitute the material, which leads to a setting expansion. the more water needed, the greater the setting expansion (dimensional change) and lower the compressive strength of the final products.plasticwhat is used for orthodontic modelstonewhat is used for study modelsimproved stone or diestonewhat is used for crown and bridge modeldiestonetype IV gypsumstonetype III gympsumplastertype II gypsumdiestone (also called improved stone)aloha calcium sulfate heme-hydratecontains additive to make more durable and wear resistantwhat is so good about diestoneadd boraxhow to slow the set of gypsumpotassium sulfatehow to speed up the set of gypsum.triclosanantimicrobial ingredientpyrophosphateThe leading cause of dentinal hypersensitivity is __?pyrophosphateingredient in tartar control formula toothpasteshydrogen peroxide and ureacarbide peroxide breaks down into whatthermoplastic polymerused to fabricate athletic mouthguardPolymethlmethacrylateused for making temporary restorations for crown and bridgeTitanium alloyswhat are implants made ofinlay and casting waxused for cast restorative patternsbaseplate waxuseful in removable prosthetic proceduresBite registration waxuseful to obtain occlusal recordsboxing waxused in pouring modelssticky waxbecomes sticky when heated, used to attach modelsutility waxused to modify the shape of impression trays and cushion bracescasting alloysused to fabricate inlays, only, crowns, and bridgesprecious alloys contain noble metalsNoble metals resist tarnish and corrosion Noble metals used in dentistry include: - gold, platinum and palladiumNonprecious alloys contain base metals- base metals are subject to tarnish and corrosion - may be allergenic (gingival inflammation) - base metals used in dentistry include: silver, copper, nickel, tin and zinctin oxidegold intra orally made be polished with whatrougegold extra orally may be polished with whatgold foildgold in color, small in size, gum line anterior toothporcelain restorationsocclusal wear may be caused by opposing