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Executive Branch FRQ AP Gov - ROS2

Terms in this set (26)

For each of the presidential powers below explain one way that congressional decision making is affected by that power.

-veto power
-power to issue executive orders
-power as commander in chief
-prevents a congressional action if p vetos
-congress acts in response to executive orders
-congress controls military spending and therefore can approve or reject funding.
For each of the congressional powers below explain one way that the presidents decision making is affected by that power.

-legislative oversight power
-senate advice and consent power
-budgetary power
-presidents minimize the amount of actions that might draw critical examination of congress
-presidents consider the implications of nominating controversial people or appointments.
-president consult with congress during budget process
Describe one of the key characteristics of the merit system.
Hiring based on qualifications or experience.
For each of the following, describe one factor that contributes to bureaucratic independence.

-the structure of the federal bureaucracy
-complexity of public policy problems
-structure has independent agencies and regulatory commissions within
-has specialized areas of expertise
For each of the following, explain one constitutional provision that is can use to check the bureaucracy.

-congress
-the courts
-interest groups
-can pass laws that affect the bureaucracy
-judicial review: can declare bureaucratic actions unconstitutional
-use of the 1st Amendment: lobbying and protests
The constitution grants the president certain enumerated powers. Describe 2 of these formal powers that enable the president to exert influence over domestic policy.
1.) legislative powers such as vetos, signing a law.
2.) calling congress to session
Define each term and explain how each limits the presidents ability to influence domestic policy making in congress.

-mandatory spending
-party polarization
-lame-duck period
-spending is not controlled by annual budget decisions
Ex: budget constraints make it hard to accomplish goals

-increased inter-party differences
Ex: opposing party may block policy goals.

-period of time when officeholders term is coming to end
Ex: people think power is diminished
Define fiscal policy.
The budget
Describe one significant way the executive branch influences fiscal policy.
-president proposes the federal budget
Describe one significant way the legislative branch influences fiscal policy.
-congress passes the federal budget
Define monetary policy.
Regulating money supply.
Describe the winner takes all feature of the electoral college.
Candidate who gets the most votes wins all of the states electoral votes.
Explain one way in which he winner take all feature of the electoral college affects how candidates run their campaigns.
Focus of campaigning in swing states to win their electoral votes.
Explain one way the winner take all feature hinders third party candidates.
They may get popular votes but it would be hard to win over a state and that is how the get electoral votes.
Explain two reasons why the electoral college has not been abolished.
1.) favors the two party system
2.) there is not clear alternative
Describe the primary conflict between the president and congress decisions to go to war.
P=commander in chief
C=power to declare war
Explain 2 reasons why congress gives federal agencies policy making discretion in executing federal laws.
1.) more efficient
2.) congress lacks agencies with expertise
Identify the policy area over which it exercises its policy discretion and give one example of how it does this.

-EPA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

-FCC FED COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
EPA-clean air and water

FCC- tv, radio
Describe 2 ways congress ensures federal agencies follow legislative intent.
1.) oversight
2.) budget
Identify 2 formal constitutional powers of the president in making foreign policy.
1.) commander in chief
2.) negotiate/make treaties
Identify 2 formal constitutional powers of congress int be making of foreign policy.
1.) declare war
2.) ratify treaties
Identify 2 informal powers of the president that contribute to he presidents advantage over congress in conducting foreign policy.
1.) meets world leaders
2.) access to media/bully pulpit
Explain how the informal powers in the previous question contributes to the presidents advantage over congress in conducting foreign policy.
1.) can gain trust of other rulers, and pose threats to congress to persuade them.
2.) can persuade the public
Describe 2 roles the divided government for the president in making federal appointments.
1.) greater policy conflict
2.) more frequent character attacks on nominees
Identify and explain 2 ways presidents try to overcome those problems^.
1.) compromise on choices
2.) preform intense background checks on nominees
Line of succession:
1.) President
2.) VP
3.) Speaker of the House
4.) presidential protempore
5.)Secretary of State
6.) secretary of treasury
7.)secretary of defense
8.) attorney general
9.) secretary of human services
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