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NUTRITION

Terms in this set (63)

Male HDL
> 45
Female HDL
> 55
LDL -male and female
< 130
Prealbumin
16-30
Albumin
3.3-5
Gluclose
60-110
Hemoglobin male
14-18
hemoglobin female
12-16
Hematocrit male
42-52
Hematocrit female
37-48
PTT
30-40 seconds
Prealbumin
protein measured to evaluate the nutrition status of critically ill patients who are at high risk for malnutrition
HDL
high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)
LDL
low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
Overweight BMI
over 25
Obesity BMI
over 30
Anorexia nervosa
Characterized by a fear of gaining weight and distortion of body image. Avoidance of food, excessive exercise intent lose intent. Untreated might experience muscle wasting and insufficient nutrition. Can occur in children and adulthood. Usually in females.
Celiac Disease
Autoimmune disorder. Inflammation of the intestine when exposed to gluten. Usually I experience abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and nausea. Long term exposure can lead to dietary deficiencies and malabsorption because of intestinal inflammation. Issue with proteins in wheat, rye, and barley. Require a strictly gluten free diet.
Protein calorie-malnutrition
Extended state of insufficient or inadqeute protien intake. One of the most common deficencies. Involves insufficient intake, wasting disease or combination of both, and it effects multisystem organs. Affects all ages but majorly ones that have been hospitalized for extened period of time.
Obesity
Caused by overeating, inactivity, genetics. Usually have systemic issues with low grade fever and metabolic issues. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke. All ages. Can shorten lifespan.
Macros
Carbs, lipids, proteins
DRI Carbs
50% daily intake
DRI lipids
25-30%
Lipids
Take longer to digest. Especially triglycerides
Triglycerides
can lead to clogged arteries/coronary artery disease, plaque - most abundant
Trans fat
Very bad. Artificial fat
Water
thirst needs water. Tenting, confused/disoriented, dark urine, dry mucous membranes
Fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
Micronutrients
vitamins and minerals
Vitamin A
Bone, tooth
Vitamin D
Synthesized in the skin when the body is exposed to sunlight
Vitamin E
Antioxidant that protects exposure of free radicals
Vitamin K
Synthesized in the body by bacteria in the large intestine; essential for synthesis of proteins and promotes coagulation of blood
Fat soluble vitamins sit in the body and can cause _____ if you take too many
Toxicity
Water soluble vitamins
C and B complex
Water soluble vitamins are excreted
through the urine if excess intake
Water soluble vitamins must be
Consumed daily through food/supplements
B vitamins are
B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12
Minerals that are important for nerve conduction and muscle contraction **critical role in fluid balance
Potassium, sodium, chloride.
Important minerals for bone tissue
Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium
Potassium marker
3.5- 5.0
Sodium marker
135-145
Chloride marker
...
Calcium marker
8.5-10.5
Phosphorus marker
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium
1.3-2.1
Acute disease related malnutrition
Often related to burns/trauma
Chronic disease malnutrition
Might be celiacs, IBS, diabetics
Protien-calorie malnutrition
Usually affects people with acute illness/injury; or hospitalized/institutionalized **if found in children it can lead to cognitive and developmental issues
Excess nutrition
Most commonly because of excessive calorie intake
Childhood obesity percentiles
85th-95th percentile classified as 'overweight'
BMI greater than 95th percentile
Child classified 'obesity'
infants/children require
essential nutrients and protein; might have milk allergies. Choking risk; need to be able to swallow. Solid foods should not be put in bottle
Children nutrition qualities
Physiologic anorexia (decreased app). By 12mo children should be able to eat with family
Pregnancy requires
Increase carbs, protein, leafy greens, folate. **ask about her feelings on weight and environment
clear liquid diet
Foods and liquids allowed on the clear liquid diet include popsicles, clear juice without pulp, plain gelatin, ice chips, water, sweetened tea or coffee (no creamer), clear broths, carbonated beverages, and flavored water.
full liquid diet
is made up only of fluids and foods that are normally liquid and foods that turn to liquid when they are at room temperature, like ice cream. ex.
Strained creamy soups.
Tea.
Juice.
Jell-O.
Milkshakes.
Pudding.
Popsicles.
...
...
Mechanical soft
does not restrict fat, fiber, spices, or seasonings. All foods are allowed that can be made easier to chew and swallow by using machines. Foods may be blended, pureed, ground, or finely chopped.
regular diet
Follow this meal plan if you do not have any health conditions that require a special diet. A healthy meal plan is low in unhealthy fats, salt, and added sugar.
cardiac diet
low cholesterol, low sodium
Renal Diet
Low protein
Low sodium
Low Potassium
Low phosphate
Full liquid diet
Milk, yogurt, strained soups and liquid diet supplements. Can add thickener to diet.
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